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Review of Multilevel Inverters for PV Energy System Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Bughneda

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Mohamed Salem

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Anna Richelli

    (Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy)

  • Dahaman Ishak

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Salah Alatai

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

Abstract

Over the last decade, energy demand from the power grid has increased significantly due to the increasing number of users and the emergence of high-power industries. This has led to a significant increase in global emissions with conventional energy generation. Therefore, the penetration of renewable energy resources into the power grid has increased significantly. Photovoltaic systems have become the most popular resources as their protentional is enormous, thus, the worldwide installed PV capacity has increased to more than 635 gigawatts (GW), covering approximately 2% of the global electricity demand. Power electronics are an essential part of photovoltaic generation; the drive for efficient power electronic converters is gaining more and more momentum. Presently, multilevel inverters (MLI) have become more attractive to researchers compared to two-level inverters due to their abilities to provide lower electromagnetic interference, higher efficiency, and larger DC link voltages. This paper reviews multilevel inverters based on their classifications, development, and challenges with practical recommendations in utilizing them in renewable energy systems. Moreover, PV systems with various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been extensively considered in this paper as well. The importance and the development of a modified multilevel inverter are also highlighted in this review. In general, this paper focuses on utilizing multilevel inverters for PV systems to motivate and guide society to focus on inventing an efficient and economical multilevel inverter that has the combined capabilities of these converters reported in the literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Bughneda & Mohamed Salem & Anna Richelli & Dahaman Ishak & Salah Alatai, 2021. "Review of Multilevel Inverters for PV Energy System Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-23, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:6:p:1585-:d:516105
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Ahmed Darwish & George A. Aggidis, 2022. "A Review on Power Electronic Topologies and Control for Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-24, December.
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    5. Subhashree Choudhury & Mohit Bajaj & Taraprasanna Dash & Salah Kamel & Francisco Jurado, 2021. "Multilevel Inverter: A Survey on Classical and Advanced Topologies, Control Schemes, Applications to Power System and Future Prospects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-48, September.
    6. Mohamed Salem & Anna Richelli & Khalid Yahya & Muhammad Najwan Hamidi & Tze-Zhang Ang & Ibrahim Alhamrouni, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review on Multilevel Inverters for Grid-Tied System Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-40, August.
    7. Md. Tariqul Islam & Md. Ahsanul Alam & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Kamrul Hasan & Sheikh Tanzim Meraj & Hasan Masrur & Md. Fayzur Rahman, 2023. "A Single DC Source Five-Level Switched Capacitor Inverter for Grid-Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System: Modeling and Performance Investigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-23, May.
    8. Rabail Memon & Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar & Abdul Sattar Larik & Syed Asif Ali Shah, 2023. "Design and Performance Analysis of New Multilevel Inverter for PV System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, July.
    9. Anna Richelli, 2021. "Current Research on Embedded DC/DC Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-2, September.
    10. Abdul Mannan Rauf & Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Thomas Geury & Omar Hegazy, 2023. "A Review on Multilevel Converters for Efficient Integration of Battery Systems in Stationary Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-38, May.
    11. Flavio A. Garcia-Santiago & Julio C. Rosas-Caro & Jesus E. Valdez-Resendiz & Jonathan C. Mayo-Maldonado & Antonio Valderrabano-Gonzalez & Hector R. Robles-Campos, 2022. "Single-Phase Five-Level Multilevel Inverter Based on a Transistors Six-Pack Module," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-21, December.
    12. Ismail Aouichak & Sébastien Jacques & Sébastien Bissey & Cédric Reymond & Téo Besson & Jean-Charles Le Bunetel, 2022. "A Bidirectional Grid-Connected DC–AC Converter for Autonomous and Intelligent Electricity Storage in the Residential Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, February.
    13. Shaik Nyamathulla & Dhanamjayulu Chittathuru, 2023. "A Review of Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Grid-Connected Sustainable Solar Photovoltaic Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-44, September.
    14. Ali Abedaljabar Al-Samawi & Hafedh Trabelsi, 2022. "New Nine-Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter with a Minimum Number of Switches for PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-25, August.
    15. Truong-Duy Duong & Minh-Khai Nguyen & Tan-Tai Tran & Dai-Van Vo & Young-Cheol Lim & Joon-Ho Choi, 2022. "Topology Review of Three-Phase Two-Level Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverters for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Saud Alotaibi & Ahmed Darwish, 2021. "Modular Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-30, September.

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