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Hydraulic Fracturing in Enhanced Geothermal Systems—Field, Tectonic and Rock Mechanics Conditions—A Review

Author

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  • Rafał Moska

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 25A Lubicz Str., 31-503 Krakow, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Labus

    (Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Piotr Kasza

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 25A Lubicz Str., 31-503 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is a well-known stimulation method used to increase production from conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. In recent years, HF has been widely used in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). HF in EGS is used to create a geothermal collector in impermeable or poor-permeable hot rocks (HDR) at a depth formation. Artificially created fracture network in the collector allows for force the flow of technological fluid in a loop between at least two wells (injector and producer). Fluid heats up in the collector, then is pumped to the surface. Thermal energy is used to drive turbines generating electricity. This paper is a compilation of selected data from 10 major world’s EGS projects and provides an overview of the basic elements needed to design HF. Authors were focused on two types of data: geological, i.e., stratigraphy, lithology, target zone deposition depth and temperature; geophysical, i.e., the tectonic regime at the site, magnitudes of the principal stresses, elastic parameters of rocks and the seismic velocities. For each of the EGS areas, the scope of work related to HF processes was briefly presented. The most important HF parameters are cited, i.e., fracturing pressure, pumping rate and used fracking fluids and proppants. In a few cases, the dimensions of the modeled or created hydraulic fractures are also provided. Additionally, the current state of the conceptual work of EGS projects in Poland is also briefly presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafał Moska & Krzysztof Labus & Piotr Kasza, 2021. "Hydraulic Fracturing in Enhanced Geothermal Systems—Field, Tectonic and Rock Mechanics Conditions—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5725-:d:633448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lu, Shyi-Min, 2018. "A global review of enhanced geothermal system (EGS)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2902-2921.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohsen Fallah Vostakola & Babak Salamatinia & Bahman Amini Horri, 2022. "A Review on Recent Progress in the Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-41, February.
    2. Bo Hu & Xiangqi Hu & Chenggeng Lin & Guangzhen Du & Tianxing Ma & Kaihui Li, 2023. "Evolution of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Granite after Thermal Treatment under Cyclic Uniaxial Compression," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Zhiqiang Xie & Dongya Han & Jiangteng Li & Kaihui Li, 2024. "A State-of-the-Art Review of Hydraulic Fracturing in Geothermal Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-39, December.
    4. Rafał Moska & Krzysztof Labus & Piotr Kasza & Agnieszka Moska, 2023. "Geothermal Potential of Hot Dry Rock in South-East Baltic Basin Countries—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Diego Paltrinieri & Paolo Favali & Francesco Italiano & Patrizio Signanini & Carlo Caso & Fabrizio B. Armani, 2022. "The Marsili Seamount Offshore Geothermal Reservoir: A Big Challenge for an Energy Transition Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, March.
    6. Krzysztof Labus & Rafał Moska & Małgorzata Labus, 2025. "Potential Enhanced Geothermal Systems in Western Poland—Petrothermal and Geochemical Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-20, February.

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