IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2020i1p44-d467318.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamics of Heaving Buoy Wave Energy Converters with a Stiffness Reactive Controller

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed H. Sakr

    (Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
    Current address: Department of Mathematical and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada.)

  • Sayed M. Metwalli

    (Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt)

  • Yasser H. Anis

    (Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt)

Abstract

Heaving buoy wave energy converters (WEC) are floating oscillators, commonly modeled as single-degree-of-freedom vibrating systems. As the wave frequencies change according to the sea state, these devices must be controlled to maximize energy absorption. A new short-term reactive loading control technique is proposed that maximizes power absorption. The control is realized through tuning the effective stiffness of the vibrating system; thus, adjusting its natural frequency to meet the incident waves energy frequency achieving near-to-resonance operation and maximum power absorption. This stiffness is adjusted using an external stiffness, whose value is varied by a continuously variable transmission (CVT) mechanism connected to the buoy. The system equations were derived then solved analytically to calculate the controller bandwidth. Experiments demonstrated promising results for near-resonance tuning at different input frequencies. Results show that an optimized damping value exists at which power absorption can be significantly increased. The WEC equipped with the proposed reactive controller can provide faster tuning actions than long-term techniques. It also works on longer time intervals than phase-control methods; hence, reducing the continuous demands from the PTO system.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed H. Sakr & Sayed M. Metwalli & Yasser H. Anis, 2020. "Dynamics of Heaving Buoy Wave Energy Converters with a Stiffness Reactive Controller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2020:i:1:p:44-:d:467318
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/44/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/44/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Meng & Jing, Xingjian, 2019. "Novel tunable broadband piezoelectric harvesters for ultralow-frequency bridge vibration energy harvesting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    2. Wang, Liguo & Isberg, Jan & Tedeschi, Elisabetta, 2018. "Review of control strategies for wave energy conversion systems and their validation: the wave-to-wire approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 366-379.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yao, Ganzhou & Luo, Zirong & Lu, Zhongyue & Wang, Mangkuan & Shang, Jianzhong & Guerrerob, Josep M., 2023. "Unlocking the potential of wave energy conversion: A comprehensive evaluation of advanced maximum power point tracking techniques and hybrid strategies for sustainable energy harvesting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    2. Cai, Qinlin & Zhu, Songye, 2021. "Applying double-mass pendulum oscillator with tunable ultra-low frequency in wave energy converters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    3. Bonovas, Markos I. & Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis S., 2020. "Modelling of operation and optimum design of a wave power take-off system with energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 502-514.
    4. Zhou, Yu & Ning, Dezhi & Liang, Dongfang & Cai, Shuqun, 2021. "Nonlinear hydrodynamic analysis of an offshore oscillating water column wave energy converter," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    5. Mahmoodi, Kumars & Razminia, Abolhassan & Ghassemi, Hassan, 2021. "Optimal control of wave energy converters with non-integer order performance indices: A dynamic programming approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1212-1233.
    6. Zhang, Haicheng & Xi, Ru & Xu, Daolin & Wang, Kai & Shi, Qijia & Zhao, Huai & Wu, Bo, 2019. "Efficiency enhancement of a point wave energy converter with a magnetic bistable mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1152-1165.
    7. Rosa-Santos, Paulo & Taveira-Pinto, Francisco & Rodríguez, Claudio A. & Ramos, Victor & López, Mario, 2019. "The CECO wave energy converter: Recent developments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 368-384.
    8. Soudan, Bassel, 2019. "Community-scale baseload generation from marine energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    9. Wang, Zhemin & Du, Yu & Li, Tianrun & Yan, Zhimiao & Tan, Ting, 2021. "A flute-inspired broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device with mechanical intelligent design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    10. Wang, LiGuo & Li, Hui & Lin, Jing & Yan, Xun & Lu, GuanYu & Wu, ShiXuan & Peng, WeiZhi, 2024. "Vibration energy harvesting from an unmanned surface vehicle: Concept design, open sea tests and harvester optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    11. Zou, Donglin & Liu, Gaoyu & Rao, Zhushi & Tan, Ting & Zhang, Wenming & Liao, Wei-Hsin, 2021. "Design of a multi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester with programmable equilibrium point configurations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    12. Yang, Shaohui & He, Hongzhou & Chen, Hu & Wang, Yongqing & Li, Hui & Zheng, Songgen, 2019. "Experimental study on the performance of a floating array-point-raft wave energy converter under random wave conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 538-550.
    13. Tunde Aderinto & Hua Li, 2018. "Ocean Wave Energy Converters: Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-26, May.
    14. Gianmaria Giannini & Paulo Rosa-Santos & Victor Ramos & Francisco Taveira-Pinto, 2020. "On the Development of an Offshore Version of the CECO Wave Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, February.
    15. Yue Hong & Mikael Eriksson & Cecilia Boström & Jianfei Pan & Yun Liu & Rafael Waters, 2020. "Damping Effect Coupled with the Internal Translator Mass of Linear Generator-Based Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, August.
    16. Eghbali, Pejman & Younesian, Davood & Farhangdoust, Saman, 2020. "Enhancement of the low-frequency acoustic energy harvesting with auxetic resonators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    17. Tunde Aderinto & Hua Li, 2019. "Review on Power Performance and Efficiency of Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
    18. Bechlenberg, Alva & Wei, Yanji & Jayawardhana, Bayu & Vakis, Antonis I., 2023. "Analysing the influence of power take-off adaptability on the power extraction of dense wave energy converter arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 1-12.
    19. Robles, Eider & Haro-Larrode, Marta & Santos-Mugica, Maider & Etxegarai, Agurtzane & Tedeschi, Elisabetta, 2019. "Comparative analysis of European grid codes relevant to offshore renewable energy installations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 171-185.
    20. Yadong Wen & Weijun Wang & Hua Liu & Longbo Mao & Hongju Mi & Wenqiang Wang & Guoping Zhang, 2018. "A Shape Optimization Method of a Specified Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter for the South China Sea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2020:i:1:p:44-:d:467318. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.