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Evaluation of the State of Charge of a Solid/Liquid Phase Change Material in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank

Author

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  • Gabriel Zsembinszki

    (GREiA Research Group, Universitat de Lleida, 25001 Lleida, Spain)

  • Christian Orozco

    (GREiA Research Group, Universitat de Lleida, 25001 Lleida, Spain)

  • Jaume Gasia

    (GREiA Research Group, Universitat de Lleida, 25001 Lleida, Spain)

  • Tilman Barz

    (Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Wien, Austria)

  • Johann Emhofer

    (Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Wien, Austria)

  • Luisa F. Cabeza

    (GREiA Research Group, Universitat de Lleida, 25001 Lleida, Spain)

Abstract

Monitoring of the state of charge of the thermal energy storage component in solar thermal systems for space heating and/or cooling in residential buildings is a key element from the overall system control strategy point of view. According to the literature, there is not a unique method for determining the state of charge of a thermal energy storage system that could generally be applied in any system. This contribution firstly provides a classification of the state-of-the-art of available techniques for the determination of the state of charge, and secondly, it presents an experimental analysis of different methods based on established sensor technologies, namely temperature, mass flow rates, and pressure measurements, tested using a lab-scale heat exchanger filled with a commercial phase change material for cooling applications. The results indicate that, depending on the expected accuracy and available instrumentation, each of the methods studied here can be used in the present application, the deviations between the methods generally being below 20%. This study concludes that a proper combination of two or more of these methods would be the ideal strategy to obtain a more reliable and accurate estimation of the state of charge of the latent heat thermal energy storage.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Zsembinszki & Christian Orozco & Jaume Gasia & Tilman Barz & Johann Emhofer & Luisa F. Cabeza, 2020. "Evaluation of the State of Charge of a Solid/Liquid Phase Change Material in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:6:p:1425-:d:334067
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Klimeš, Lubomír & Mauder, Tomáš & Charvát, Pavel & Štětina, Josef, 2018. "Front tracking in modelling of latent heat thermal energy storage: Assessment of accuracy and efficiency, benchmarking and GPU-based acceleration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 297-311.
    2. Zhou, Guobing & Zhu, Maochuan & Xiang, Yutong, 2018. "Effect of percussion vibration on solidification of supercooled salt hydrate PCM in thermal storage unit," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 537-544.
    3. Powell, Kody M. & Cole, Wesley J. & Ekarika, Udememfon F. & Edgar, Thomas F., 2013. "Optimal chiller loading in a district cooling system with thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 445-453.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bastida, Hector & De la Cruz-Loredo, Ivan & Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E., 2023. "Effective estimation of the state-of-charge of latent heat thermal energy storage for heating and cooling systems using non-linear state observers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    2. Gohar Gholamibozanjani & Mohammed Farid, 2021. "A Critical Review on the Control Strategies Applied to PCM-Enhanced Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-39, March.
    3. Xu, Tianhao & Humire, Emma Nyholm & Chiu, Justin Ning-Wei & Sawalha, Samer, 2020. "Numerical thermal performance investigation of a latent heat storage prototype toward effective use in residential heating systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    4. Beyne, W. & T'Jollyn, I. & Lecompte, S. & Cabeza, L.F. & De Paepe, M., 2023. "Standardised methods for the determination of key performance indicators for thermal energy storage heat exchangers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    5. Trevisan, Silvia & Wang, Wujun & Guedez, Rafael & Laumert, Björn, 2022. "Experimental evaluation of an innovative radial-flow high-temperature packed bed thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    6. Wojciech Kosman & Andrzej Rusin, 2020. "The Application of Molten Salt Energy Storage to Advance the Transition from Coal to Green Energy Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-18, May.
    7. Scharinger-Urschitz, Georg & Schwarzmayr, Paul & Walter, Heimo & Haider, Markus, 2020. "Partial cycle operation of latent heat storage with finned tubes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).

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