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Determination of the Required Power Response of Inverters to Provide Fast Frequency Support in Power Systems with Low Synchronous Inertia

Author

Listed:
  • Alejandro Rubio

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Holger Behrends

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Stefan Geißendörfer

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Karsten von Maydell

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Carsten Agert

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

Abstract

The decommissioning of conventional power plants and the installation of inverter-based renewable energy technologies decrease the overall power system inertia, increasing the rate of change of frequency of a system (RoCoF). These expected high values of RoCoF shorten the time response needed before load shedding or generation curtailment takes place. In a future scenario where renewables are predominant in power systems, the ability of synchronous machines to meet such conditions is uncertain in terms of capacity and time response. The implementation of fast power reserve and synthetic inertia from inverter-based sources was assessed through the simulation of two scenarios with different grid sizes and primary reserve responses. As main results it was obtained that the full activation time for a fast power reserve with penetration above 80% of inverter-based generation would need to be 100 ms or less for imbalances up to 40%, regardless of the synchronous response and grid size, meaning that the current frequency measurement techniques and the time for fast power reserve deployment would not ensure system stability under high unbalanced conditions. At less-unbalanced conditions, the grid in the European scale was found to become critical with imbalances starting at 3% and a non-synchronous share of 60%.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Rubio & Holger Behrends & Stefan Geißendörfer & Karsten von Maydell & Carsten Agert, 2020. "Determination of the Required Power Response of Inverters to Provide Fast Frequency Support in Power Systems with Low Synchronous Inertia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:4:p:816-:d:320316
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dreidy, Mohammad & Mokhlis, H. & Mekhilef, Saad, 2017. "Inertia response and frequency control techniques for renewable energy sources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 144-155.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jiaxin Wen & Siqi Bu & Bowen Zhou & Qiyu Chen & Dongsheng Yang, 2020. "A Fast-Algorithmic Probabilistic Evaluation on Regional Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) for Operational Planning of High Renewable Penetrated Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Antans Sauhats & Andrejs Utans & Jurijs Silinevics & Gatis Junghans & Dmitrijs Guzs, 2021. "Enhancing Power System Frequency with a Novel Load Shedding Method Including Monitoring of Synchronous Condensers’ Power Injections," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.

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