IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i20p5406-d429086.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Emulsifier-Free Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsion Fuel via Steam Emulsification: Its Physical Properties, Combustion Performance, and Exhaust Emission

Author

Listed:
  • Dhani Avianto Sugeng

    (Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT), DKI Jakarta 10340, Indonesia)

  • Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin

    (Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia)

  • Wira Jazair Yahya

    (Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia)

  • Hasannuddin Abd Kadir

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor, Campus Pasir Gudang, Masai Johor 81750, Malaysia)

Abstract

The focus of this work is to investigate the effect of emulsifier-free emulsion fuel via steam emulsification (SD) to the diesel engine through physical properties, combustion performance, and exhaust analysis, and compare with conventional emulsion fuel with water percentages of 5% and 10% (E5 and E10) and biodiesel blend (B5). The SD was prepared using a custom 200 mL glass mixing column. The B5 fuel quantitatively was filled in the column, and then the steam was injected from the bottom of the mixing column through the porous frit glass with the pores ranging from 40 to 100 µm. The average water droplet size of SD is 0.375 µm with the average water percentage of 6.18%. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of SD improved 4.19% and 3.92%, respectively, as compared to B5. The in-cylinder pressure (ICP) was lower than B5, however, yielding close to the B5 at 4 kW engine load. As for the exhaust emission test, NO x and PM for SD were reduced significantly with a percentage reduction of 25.22% and 10.68%, respectively, as compared to neat B5. The steam emulsification method offers a huge potential to be explored further as the concept offers the alternative method of making emulsion fuel without the use of conventional mechanical mixers.

Suggested Citation

  • Dhani Avianto Sugeng & Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin & Wira Jazair Yahya & Hasannuddin Abd Kadir, 2020. "Emulsifier-Free Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsion Fuel via Steam Emulsification: Its Physical Properties, Combustion Performance, and Exhaust Emission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5406-:d:429086
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5406/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5406/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Khond, Vivek W. & Kriplani, V.M., 2016. "Effect of nanofluid additives on performances and emissions of emulsified diesel and biodiesel fueled stationary CI engine: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1338-1348.
    2. Kumar, AR. Mahesh & Kannan, M. & Nataraj, G., 2020. "A study on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine powered by nano-emulsion of waste orange peel oil biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1781-1795.
    3. Mohd Arshad, Aizam Shahroni & Nada, Yuzuru & Kidoguchi, Yoshiyuki & Asao, Daisuke & Yoshimura, Shinichiro, 2019. "Rapid emulsification of a fuel–water rapid internal mixing injector for emulsion fuel combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 35-46.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mohd Tamam, Mohamad Qayyum & Yahya, Wira Jazair & Ithnin, Ahmad Muhsin & Abdullah, Nik Rosli & Kadir, Hasannuddin Abdul & Rahman, Md Mujibur & Rahman, Hasbullah Abdul & Abu Mansor, Mohd Radzi & Noge, , 2023. "Performance and emission studies of a common rail turbocharged diesel electric generator fueled with emulsifier free water/diesel emulsion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    2. Vasileios Georgitzikis & Dionisis Pettas & Konstantinos Loukas & Georgios Mavropoulos, 2023. "LESS Spark Ignition Engine: An Innovative Alternative to the Crankshaft Mechanism," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-36, September.
    3. Dmitrii V. Antonov & Roman M. Fedorenko & Pavel A. Strizhak, 2022. "Micro-Explosion Phenomenon: Conditions and Benefits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-19, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. De Giorgi, Maria Grazia & Fontanarosa, Donato & Ficarella, Antonio & Pescini, Elisa, 2020. "Effects on performance, combustion and pollutants of water emulsified fuel in an aeroengine combustor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    2. Solmaz, Hamit & Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad Safieddin & Calam, Alper & Yılmaz, Emre & İpci, Duygu, 2021. "Prediction of performance and exhaust emissions of a CI engine fueled with multi-wall carbon nanotube doped biodiesel-diesel blends using response surface method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    3. Elkelawy, Medhat & Etaiw, Safaa El-din H. & Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Hagar & Ayad, Mohamed I. & Radwan, Ahmed Mohamed & Dawood, Mohamed M., 2021. "Diesel/ biodiesel /silver thiocyanate nanoparticles/hydrogen peroxide blends as new fuel for enhancement of performance, combustion, and Emission characteristics of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    4. Goel, Varun & Kumar, Naresh & Singh, Paramvir, 2018. "Impact of modified parameters on diesel engine characteristics using biodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2716-2729.
    5. Lapuerta, Magín & Rodríguez-Fernández, José & Ramos, Ángel & Donoso, David & Canoira, Laureano, 2023. "Hydrogenated terpenic renewable fuels: Emissions and combustion analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 152-161.
    6. Donoso, David & Bolonio, David & Ballesteros, Rosario & Lapuerta, Magín & Canoira, Laureano, 2022. "Hydrogenated orange oil: A waste derived drop-in biojet fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1049-1058.
    7. El-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hassan, Hamdy & Ookawara, S., 2018. "Effects of graphene nanoplatelet addition to jatropha Biodiesel–Diesel mixture on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1129-1152.
    8. Ettefaghi, Ehsanollah & Rashidi, Alimorad & Ghobadian, Barat & Najafi, G. & Ghasemy, Ebrahim & Khoshtaghaza, Mohammad Hadi & Delavarizadeh, Saman & Mazlan, Mohamed, 2021. "Bio-nano emulsion fuel based on graphene quantum dot nanoparticles for reducing energy consumption and pollutants emission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    9. Vellaiyan, Suresh, 2023. "Recent advancements in water emulsion fuel to explore efficient and cleaner production from various biodiesels: A retrospective review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    10. Ahmed A. Fattah & Tarek M. Aboul-Fotouh & Khaled A. Fattah & Aya H. Mohammed, 2022. "Utilization of Selected Nanoparticles (Ag 2 O and MnO 2 ) for the Production of High-Quality and Environmental-Friendly Gasoline," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-12, September.
    11. Roman Volkov & Timur Valiullin & Olga Vysokomornaya, 2021. "Spraying of Composite Liquid Fuels Based on Types of Coal Preparation Waste: Current Problems and Achievements: Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, November.
    12. Uslu, Samet & Celik, Mehmet, 2023. "Response surface methodology-based optimization of the amount of cerium dioxide (CeO2) to increase the performance and reduce emissions of a diesel engine fueled by cerium dioxide/diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    13. Mallesh B. Sanjeevannavar & Nagaraj R. Banapurmath & V. Dananjaya Kumar & Ashok M. Sajjan & Irfan Anjum Badruddin & Chandramouli Vadlamudi & Sanjay Krishnappa & Sarfaraz Kamangar & Rahmath Ulla Baig &, 2023. "Machine Learning Prediction and Optimization of Performance and Emissions Characteristics of IC Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-30, September.
    14. Shelare, Sagar D. & Belkhode, Pramod N. & Nikam, Keval Chandrakant & Jathar, Laxmikant D. & Shahapurkar, Kiran & Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Veza, Ibham & Khan, T.M. Yunus & Kalam, M.A. & Nizami, Ab, 2023. "Biofuels for a sustainable future: Examining the role of nano-additives, economics, policy, internet of things, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology in biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    15. Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa & Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Hamed & Dehhaghi, Mona & Orooji, Yasin & Shahbeik, Hossein & Mahian, Omid & Karimi-Maleh, Hassan & Kalam, Md Abul & Salehi Jouzani, Gholamreza & M, 2023. "Applications of nanotechnology in biodiesel combustion and post-combustion stages," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    16. Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali & Abdi, Reza & Tabatabaei, Meisam, 2017. "Expanded polystyrene waste application for improving biodiesel environmental performance parameters from life cycle assessment point of view," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 278-298.
    17. Hossain, Abul K. & Sharma, Vikas & Ahmad, Gulzar & Awotwe, Tabbi, 2023. "Energy outputs and emissions of biodiesels as a function of coolant temperature and composition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    18. Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Nik-Ghazali, Nik-Nazri & Kalam, M.A. & Badruddin, Irfan Anjum & Banapurmath, N.R. & Bin Ali, Mohamad Azlin & Kamangar, Sarfaraz & Cho, Haeng Muk & Akram, Naveed, 2020. "An investigation on the influence of aluminium oxide nano-additive and honge oil methyl ester on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2291-2307.
    19. Tamilselvan, P. & Nallusamy, N. & Rajkumar, S., 2017. "A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1134-1159.
    20. Ali, Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed & El-fayoumy, Eman A. & Soliman, Ramadan M. & Elkhatat, Ahmed & Al-Meer, Saeed & Elsaid, Khaled & Hussein, Hanaa Ali & Zul Helmi Rozaini, Mohd & Azmuddin Abdullah, Mohd, 2024. "Nanoparticle applications in Algal-biorefinery for biofuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5406-:d:429086. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.