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The Green Structure for Outdoor Places in Dry, Hot Regions and Seasons—Providing Human Thermal Comfort in Sustainable Cities

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  • Karol Bandurski

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Poznań University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

  • Hanna Bandurska

    (Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

  • Ewa Kazimierczak-Grygiel

    (The Botanical Garden of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Dąbrowskiego 165, 60-594 Poznań, Poland)

  • Halina Koczyk

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Poznań University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

Hot and dry climate and air pollution is a growing problem in urban areas, and this can have an adverse impact on life and health of urban residents. One of the ways to protect people from this hazard is the use of urban green or street greenery. However, its implementation can be problematic in highly urbanized areas. This paper presents a concept of the green structure (GS), designed, and is still being developed, by Adam Kalinowski where cooling efficiency is based on the synergy of shade and evapotranspiration. The GS that could be used as street furniture, small architecture form or a public utility structure intended to protect people and objects from an adverse urban environment, at the same time providing pleasant and healthy microclimate inside. The pilot project-the first application of the GS in the urban environment-is presented and the results of short-term measurements of temperature and humidity are provided and analyzed. Moreover, a simple dynamic simulation of the GS performance in courtyards has been conducted. The obtained results show the decrease of the perceived temperature within this structure. Depending on climate type, an average potential reduction of Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) and mean radiant temperature (T mrt ), caused by the GS in a courtyard case study, is 5–8 °C and 17–29 °C, respectively. Performed simulation also confirms that TRNSYS software is an appropriate tool for simple outdoor microclimate analysis. Further research to develop this concept, increase its performance and customize it for different applications are proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Karol Bandurski & Hanna Bandurska & Ewa Kazimierczak-Grygiel & Halina Koczyk, 2020. "The Green Structure for Outdoor Places in Dry, Hot Regions and Seasons—Providing Human Thermal Comfort in Sustainable Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-24, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:11:p:2755-:d:365586
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Natalia Przesmycka & Bartłomiej Kwiatkowski & Małgorzata Kozak, 2022. "The Thermal Comfort Problem in Public Space during the Climate Change Era Based on the Case Study of Selected Area in Lublin City in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-26, September.
    3. Bouthaina Sayad & Djamel Alkama & Redha Rebhi & Younes Menni & Hijaz Ahmad & Mustafa Inc & Mohsen Sharifpur & Giulio Lorenzini & Ehab Azab & Ashraf Y. Elnaggar, 2021. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort Optimization through Vegetation Parameterization: Species and Tree Layout," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Kristian Fabbri & Ernesto Antonini & Lia Marchi, 2023. "Sun-Shading Sails in Courtyards: An Italian Case Study with RayMan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-15, August.

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