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Scaling of Pulverized-Fuel Jet Flames That Apply Large Amounts of Excess Air—Implications for NO x Formation

Author

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  • Rikard Edland

    (Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden)

  • Fredrik Normann

    (Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden)

  • Thomas Allgurén

    (Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden)

  • Christian Fredriksson

    (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag, Box 952, 97127 Luleå, Sweden)

  • Klas Andersson

    (Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden)

Abstract

Measures to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) formation in industrial combustion processes often require up-scaling through pilot-scale facilities prior to being implemented in commercial scale, and scaling is therefore an important aspect of achieving lower NO x emissions. The current paper is a combined experimental and modelling study that aims to expand the understanding of constant velocity scaling for industrial jet flames applying high amounts of excess air. These types of flames are found in e.g., rotary kilns for production of iron ore pellets. The results show that, even if the combustion settings, velocity, and temperature profiles are correctly scaled, the concentration of oxygen experienced by the fuel during char combustion will scale differently. As the NO formation from the char combustion is important in these flames, the differences induced by the scaling has important impacts on the efficiencies of the applied primary measures. Increasing the rate of char combustion (to increase the Damköhler number), by using, for example, smaller-sized particles, in the pilot-scale is recommended to improve scaling.

Suggested Citation

  • Rikard Edland & Fredrik Normann & Thomas Allgurén & Christian Fredriksson & Klas Andersson, 2019. "Scaling of Pulverized-Fuel Jet Flames That Apply Large Amounts of Excess Air—Implications for NO x Formation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:14:p:2680-:d:247814
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Serge Roudier & Luis Delgado Sancho & Rainer Remus & Miguel Aguado-Monsonet, 2013. "Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Iron and Steel Production: Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control," JRC Research Reports JRC69967, Joint Research Centre.
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    1. Essossinam Beguedou & Satyanarayana Narra & Komi Agboka & Damgou Mani Kongnine & Ekua Afrakoma Armoo, 2023. "Alternative Fuel Substitution Improvements in Low NO x In-Line Calciners," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-31, June.

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