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Harnessing Phosphocompost Extracts to Mitigate Meloidogyne javanica Impacts on Tomato

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  • El Mehdi Bouchtaoui

    (Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
    Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco)

  • Ayoub Haouas

    (Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy)

  • Mouna Fahr

    (Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco)

  • Aouatif Benali

    (Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco)

  • Abdelfattah A. Dababat

    (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06170 Ankara, Turkey
    Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi

    (Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Anbar 31001, Iraq)

  • Khalid Khfif

    (Laboratory of Entomology, Research Unit on Nuclear Technique, Environment, and Quality, Regional Center of Agricultural Research, INRA-Tangier, Tangier 90010, Morocco)

  • Abdelmjid Zouahri

    (Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco)

  • Driss Iraqi

    (Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco)

  • Khalid Azim

    (Integrated Crop Production Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco)

  • Abdelaziz Smouni

    (Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco)

  • Fouad Mokrini

    (Nematology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research, INRA-Rabat, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco)

Abstract

This study evaluated the chemical properties of phosphocompost extracts and their effectiveness in inducing tomato seedlings resistance to Meloidogyne javanica . Phosphocomposts: Sugar beet phosphocompost (PC-SB: CP2), green waste phosphocompost (PC-GW: CP3), and olive mill waste phosphocompost (PC-OMW: CP4), were utilized to produce compost water extracts at concentrations of 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:100 g:mL and then applied as soil drenches for tomato seedlings one-week post-inoculation. The CP2 extract applied at a 1:5 dilution led to marked improvements in growth parameters, with plant height increasing by over 52.2%, shoot fresh biomass rising by approximately 52.44%, and shoot dry biomass showing a gain of 62.21%. Root biomass also rose by 33%. Chlorophyll a increased with CP4 at 1:5 and 1:100 (41.05% and 37.32%), chlorophyll b increased with CP3 at 1:5 and 1:10 (22.34% and 7.59%), while carotenes showed no variation. Polyphenols rose by 86.45–91.01% with CP2 from 1:5 to 1:20, and flavonoids increased by 64.90% with CP4 at 1:10. CP2 diminished the ultimate M. javanica population and reproduction factor by 171.43%, while CP4 at 1:20 decreased egg masses by 151.94%. The root gall index showed no variation. The chemical composition of phosphocomposts revealed that the strategic incorporation of diverse organic improvers (10%) in phosphocomposts yielded distinct nutrient signatures, with sugar beet waste enhancing PO 4 3− (12.91 mg/L) and secondary macronutrients, green waste optimizing NO 3 − (69.91 mg/L) and SO 4 2− (62.70 mg/L) availability, and olive mill waste producing superior micronutrient concentrations alongside dominant Ca (24.21 mg/L), K (392.50 mg/L), and P (9.17 mg/L) levels. Overall, the results underscore the potential of phosphocompost extracts as a viable, low-cost, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic nematicides, offering a sustainable and resilient approach to M. javanica control while enhancing tomato plant growth.

Suggested Citation

  • El Mehdi Bouchtaoui & Ayoub Haouas & Mouna Fahr & Aouatif Benali & Abdelfattah A. Dababat & Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi & Khalid Khfif & Abdelmjid Zouahri & Driss Iraqi & Khalid Azim & Abdelaziz Smouni & Fou, 2025. "Harnessing Phosphocompost Extracts to Mitigate Meloidogyne javanica Impacts on Tomato," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:11:p:1184-:d:1668262
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrzej Baryga & Rafał Ziobro & Dorota Gumul & Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek & Karolina Miśkiewicz, 2023. "Physicochemical Properties and Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Sugar Beet Pulp—Preliminary Analysis for Further Use (Future Prospects)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, May.
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    3. Navarro Ferronato & Vincenzo Torretta, 2019. "Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-28, March.
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