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Growth and Quality of Leaf and Romaine Lettuce Grown on a Vertical Farm in an Aquaponics System: Results of Farm Research

Author

Listed:
  • Bożena Matysiak

    (Department of Applied Biology, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland)

  • Stanisław Kaniszewski

    (Laboratory of Vegetable Crops and Edible Mushrooms, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland)

  • Monika Mieszczakowska-Frąc

    (Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing Department, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland)

Abstract

The integration of indoor vertical cultivation with a recirculating aquaculture system into an aquaponic system has the potential to become one of the most effective sustainable production systems for fish and leafy vegetables. In this study, lettuce was produced on rafts in a coupled recirculation aquaponic system in the plant factory under controlled environmental conditions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the yield, mineral status, and health-promoting bioactive compounds of leaf and romaine lettuce cultivars grown in a recirculating aquaponic system. The yield and biometric parameters and quality parameters of lettuce leaves (nitrate, mineral, L-ascorbic acid, carotenoid, phenolic compound, and total polyphenolic contents) were examined. Monitoring of the water in the aquaponic system showed a low concentration of nitrates, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg), but the proportion of mineral nutrients as well as pH were stable throughout the lettuce cultivation period. The heads of romaine lettuce ‘Yakina’, ‘Pivotal’, and ‘Waygo’ reached a fresh weight of 86 g, on average, 23% higher than the leaf lettuce ‘Nordice’ over a three-week cultivation period. Despite the low nutrient concentration in the aquaponic solution, the nutrient status of the romaine lettuces ‘Yakina’ and ‘Pivotal’ was within the optimal range. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in ‘Yakina’ and ‘Pivotal’ were higher than those in ‘Nordice’ and ‘Waygo’. The nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the leaves of ‘Nordice’ and ‘Waygo’ were below the optimal range; however, their polyphenol concentrations were the highest. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of aquaponic cultivation of lettuce in terms of biomass production and the nutritional and health-promoting value of lettuce depends on the plant genotype.

Suggested Citation

  • Bożena Matysiak & Stanisław Kaniszewski & Monika Mieszczakowska-Frąc, 2023. "Growth and Quality of Leaf and Romaine Lettuce Grown on a Vertical Farm in an Aquaponics System: Results of Farm Research," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:4:p:897-:d:1127464
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bożena Matysiak & Stanisław Kaniszewski & Jacek Dyśko & Waldemar Kowalczyk & Artur Kowalski & Maria Grzegorzewska, 2021. "The Impact of LED Light Spectrum on the Growth, Morphological Traits, and Nutritional Status of ‘Elizium’ Romaine Lettuce Grown in an Indoor Controlled Environment," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Suhl, Johanna & Dannehl, Dennis & Kloas, Werner & Baganz, Daniela & Jobs, Sebastian & Scheibe, Günther & Schmidt, Uwe, 2016. "Advanced aquaponics: Evaluation of intensive tomato production in aquaponics vs. conventional hydroponics," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 335-344.
    3. Marian V. Eberhardt & Chang Yong Lee & Rui Hai Liu, 2000. "Antioxidant activity of fresh apples," Nature, Nature, vol. 405(6789), pages 903-904, June.
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