IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/fis/journl/240202.html

Scale Development Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Digital Transformation in Businesses: An Application in Turkish Defence Industry

Author

Listed:
  • Yunus Emre SÃœRMEN
  • Gülay Ä°RAK
  • Kadriye Burcu ÖNGEN BÄ°LÄ°R

Abstract

The global attractiveness of digital transformation technologies leads many nations to increase their investments in these technologies and to achieve a stronger economic position. While this process can be considered in the context of many sectors, it has emerged more clearly in recent years, especially in the defence industry. Not only in many developed countries but also in Turkey, especially with the developments in the last 15 years, the defence industry sector can find a place among the notable countries in the world. Therefore, the use of these technologies can be expressed as a dynamic structure whose potential increases daily thanks to the added value it creates and the ecosystem it has created. However, this process is not only the application field of the private sector but also creates value in the context of the theoretical framework and concepts revealed by scientific studies. This study, it is aimed to develop a scale to determine the ‘digital transformation effectiveness’ in defence industry enterprises. In this framework, the scale and questionnaire questions were sent to companies operating in the Turkish defence industry, and 65 companies responded. The data was subjected to validity and reliability analyses using SPSS 26 and AMOS 26 programs, followed by statistical testing through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings showed that the scale has sufficiently high internal consistency, has explanatory and confirmatory factor validity, and also has criterion validity based on sub-dimensions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yunus Emre SÃœRMEN & Gülay Ä°RAK & Kadriye Burcu ÖNGEN BÄ°LÄ°R, 2024. "Scale Development Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Digital Transformation in Businesses: An Application in Turkish Defence Industry," Fiscaoeconomia, Tubitak Ulakbim JournalPark (Dergipark), issue 2.
    • Handle: RePEc:fis:journl:240202
    DOI: 10.25295/fsecon.1382697
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3502757
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.25295/fsecon.1382697?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Swen Nadkarni & Reinhard Prügl, 2021. "Digital transformation: a review, synthesis and opportunities for future research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 71(2), pages 233-341, April.
    2. Bouwman, Harry & Nikou, Shahrokh & de Reuver, Mark, 2019. "Digitalization, business models, and SMEs: How do business model innovation practices improve performance of digitalizing SMEs?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(9).
    3. Maiti, Moinak & Kayal, Parthajit, 2017. "Digitization: Its Impact on Economic Development & Trade," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(6), pages 541-549.
    4. Matt, C. & Hess, Thomas & Benlian, Alexander, 2015. "Digital Transformation Strategies," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 75002, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    5. Trang Doan Do & Ha An Thi Pham & Eleftherios I. Thalassinos & Hoang Anh Le, 2022. "The Impact of Digital Transformation on Performance: Evidence from Vietnamese Commercial Banks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Agnieszka Malkowska & Maria Urbaniec & Malgorzata Kosala, 2021. "The impact of digital transformation on European countries: insights from a comparative analysis," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 16(2), pages 325-355, June.
    7. Matt, C. & Hess, Thomas & Benlian, Alexander, 2015. "Digital Transformation Strategies," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 75202, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    8. Zhong, Xi & Ren, Ge, 2023. "Independent and joint effects of CSR and CSI on the effectiveness of digital transformation for transition economy firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    9. Christian Matt & Thomas Hess & Alexander Benlian, 2015. "Digital Transformation Strategies," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 57(5), pages 339-343, October.
    10. Claudio Sassanelli & Sergio Terzi, 2022. "The D-BEST Reference Model: A Flexible and Sustainable Support for the Digital Transformation of Small and Medium Enterprises," Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Springer;Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 23(3), pages 345-370, September.
    11. Ching-Hung Lee & Dianni Wang & Kevin C. Desouza & Richard Evans, 2021. "Digital Transformation and the New Normal in China: How Can Enterprises Use Digital Technologies to Respond to COVID-19?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-11, September.
    12. Enrique, Daisy Valle & Lerman, Laura Visintainer & Sousa, Paulo Renato de & Benitez, Guilherme Brittes & Bigares Charrua Santos, Fernando M. & Frank, Alejandro G., 2022. "Being digital and flexible to navigate the storm: How digital transformation enhances supply chain flexibility in turbulent environments," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    13. František Simetinger & Zuopeng (Justin) Zhang, 2020. "Deriving secondary traits of industry 4.0: A comparative analysis of significant maturity models," Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(4), pages 663-678, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Malewska, Kamila & Cyfert, Szymon & Chwiłkowska-Kubala, Anna & Mierzejewska, Katrzyna & Szumowski, Witold, 2024. "The missing link between digital transformation and business model innovation in energy SMEs: The role of digital organisational culture," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    2. Zahoor, Nadia & Zopiatis, Anastasios & Adomako, Samuel & Lamprinakos, Grigorios, 2023. "The micro-foundations of digitally transforming SMEs: How digital literacy and technology interact with managerial attributes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    3. Ologeanu-Taddei, Roxana & Hönigsberg, Sarah & Weritz, Pauline & Wache, Hendrik & Mittermeier, Ferdinand & Tana, Silviana & Dang, Duong & Hautala-Kankaanpää, Tuire & Pekkola, Samuli, 2025. "The relationship of digital transformation and corporate sustainability: Synergies and tensions," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    4. Song, Dandan & Tan, Zhidong & Wang, Wei & Zhai, Rui-Xiang, 2025. "Digital transformation and corporate social responsibility engagement: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    5. Mishra, Deepa Bhatt & Haider, Imran & Gunasekaran, Angappa & Sakib, Md. Nazmus & Malik, Nishtha & Rana, Nripendra P., 2023. "“Better together”: Right blend of business strategy and digital transformation strategies," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    6. Coskun-Setirek, Abide & Tanrikulu, Zuhal, 2021. "Digital innovations-driven business model regeneration: A process model," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    7. Merín-Rodrigáñez, Joan & Dasí, Àngels & Alegre, Joaquín & Hughes, Mathew, 2025. "Dynamic managerial capabilities for digital transformation in innovative SMEs: What are the effects on new product development performance?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    8. Piepponen, Amanda & Ritala, Paavo & Keränen, Joona & Maijanen, Päivi, 2022. "Digital transformation of the value proposition: A single case study in the media industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 311-325.
    9. Thuan Nguyen & Ly Thi Thao Dang, 2025. "Evaluating digital transformation preparedness among Vietnamese enterprises," Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science - Economics and Business Administration, Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, vol. 15(3), pages 21-43.
    10. Merín-Rodrigáñez, Joan & Dasí, Àngels & Alegre, Joaquín, 2024. "Digital transformation and firm performance in innovative SMEs: The mediating role of business model innovation," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    11. Zheng, Jianwen & Zhang, Justin Zuopeng & Kamal, Muhammad Mustafa & Mangla, Sachin Kumar, 2025. "A dual evolutionary perspective on the Co-evolution of data-driven digital transformation and value proposition in manufacturing SMEs," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. McCarthy, Pat & Sammon, David & Alhassan, Ibrahim, 2024. "The characteristics of digital transformation leadership: Theorizing the practitioner voice," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 67(4), pages 411-423.
    13. Zhu, Ning & Ma, Biyin & Wang, Bing & Tang, Xuan & Yu, Zhiqian, 2025. "Can digital transformation expand the boundaries of the earnings potential of commercial banks? Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PB).
    14. Nahum, Nurit & Larsson-Olaison, Ulf & Uman, Timur & Achtenhagen, Leona, 2026. "Corporate governance for digital transformation: The role of ownership and the board of directors," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    15. Marino-Romero, Jorge Alberto & Palos-Sánchez, Pedro R. & Velicia-Martín, Félix, 2024. "Evolution of digital transformation in SMEs management through a bibliometric analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    16. Yujie Zhang, 2024. "Exploring the Nexus: IT Capabilities, Digital Transformation, and Innovation in Traditional Manufacturing," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 39(1), pages 22-45.
    17. Salayeva, Guli & Reyimberganov, Baxrom, 2026. "Barriers to Digital Transformation of SMEs in Transition Economies: Implications for Green Growth," SocArXiv sfrkp_v1, Center for Open Science.
    18. Vuchkovski, Davor & Zalaznik, Maja & Mitręga, Maciej & Pfajfar, Gregor, 2023. "A look at the future of work: The digital transformation of teams from conventional to virtual," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    19. Santos, Susana C. & Liguori, Eric W. & Garvey, Erin, 2023. "How digitalization reinvented entrepreneurial resilience during COVID-19," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    20. Jan Jöhnk & Philipp Ollig & Patrick Rövekamp & Severin Oesterle, 2022. "Managing the complexity of digital transformation—How multiple concurrent initiatives foster hybrid ambidexterity," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(2), pages 547-569, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:fis:journl:240202. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Emre Atsan (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://dergipark.org.tr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.