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Los salarios del sector formal e informal en México: análisis de ganancias y pérdidas por formalización

Author

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  • Jorge O. Moreno Treviño

Abstract

Este documento analiza las diferencias que existen en los salarios entre el sector formal e informal del mercado laboral y estima las ganancias netas desde una situación de formalización para los trabajadores, utilizando los parámetros de los efectos de tratamiento, particularmente los de: Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (OLS), Tratamiento Promedio (ATE), Tratamiento en los Tratados (TT) y Tratamiento en los No Tratados (TUT). En general, para México desde el año 2000 al 2003, hombres y mujeres con mayores niveles de educación poseen una ganancia neta si se cambian hacia el sector formal; mientras por contraparte, trabajadores con menores niveles educativos tienen un efecto negativo en sus salarios, en el caso de que formalicen su situación laboral. Complementando lo anterior, se observa que prevalecen grandes diferencias en salarios de un sector a otro, cuando se estudia los efectos condicionales de los tratamientos; sin embargo, esta brecha se desvanece ligera pero consistentemente en el tiempo. En el caso de los hombres, la mayor medida de diferencia en salarios proviene de estudiar la diferencia en salarios usando la media incondicional y el efecto simple condicional OLS, los cuales implican una brecha de aproximadamente 33.0 por ciento en 2000, la cual se reduce consistentemente a 25.3 por ciento en 2003. En contraste, para el mismo período y género, el ATE muestra una brecha mucho menor que es de 14.3 por ciento para 2000, y reduce su valor a 11.7 por ciento en 2003. Además, el TUT para los trabajadores informales es aún mucho menor, ya que se reduce de 7.5 a 2.6 por ciento en el período analizado. Las estimaciones para mujeres son estadísticamente significativas y cualitativamente similares. En esta investigación, la evidencia sugiere que el ordenamiento de los agentes entre sectores, por la vía de auto-selección, explica una proporción importante de la diferencia entre salarios formales e informales en México.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge O. Moreno Treviño, 2007. "Los salarios del sector formal e informal en México: análisis de ganancias y pérdidas por formalización," Ensayos Revista de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, vol. 26(1), pages 1-44, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:ere:journl:v:26:y:2007:i:1:id:110
    DOI: 10.29105/ensayos26.1-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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