IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/epw/ejece0/v4y2020i1id19169.html

Evaluation and Analysis of the Deployment of Green Communication Technology in GSM

Author

Listed:
  • Bodunrin Isa Bakare
  • Sunny Orike
  • D. I. Oko

Abstract

This paper presents an evaluation and analysis of the deployment of green communication technology in Nigeria. Most base stations in Nigeria uses diesel generators to power their Cell Sites, this has been identified as a problem if not checked because it will continue to add to the Carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere and hence the depletion of the ozone layer. Green Communication Technology was proposed to solve this problem. Energy deployed are photovoltaic and wind turbine (PV/WT) energy while diesel generator (DG) will still be used as a backup. With the use of hybrid technology (PV/WT/DG), carbon emission will be reduced by 70% or more, efficiency will be achieved.. The results obtained from this research work are based on economics cost, efficiency, power outputs per year and carbon emissions. , in terms of efficiency the DG only system has a mean efficiency output of 8.18% and mean efficiency of 25% while the proposed system has a mean efficiency output of 14.8% and a mean efficiency of 27.5% for PV and 21.3% of WT, electrical production of DG only is 119439kWh/yr while Hybrid Systems (HBS) has electricity production of 124,488kWh/yr, base on life cycle DG only system operate for 3yr and max of 8yrs while HBS operate for 25yrs above, the carbon emissions for DG only system for CO2, CO, NO2 are 75,033, 473, 444kg/yr respectively and HBS for CO2, CO, NO2 is 264, 1.79 and 2.04kg/yr respectively. From the result obtained it can be concluded that the proposed system is better than the existing system, therefore, it can be recommended for GSM operators in Nigeria and any developing nation.

Suggested Citation

  • Bodunrin Isa Bakare & Sunny Orike & D. I. Oko, 2020. "Evaluation and Analysis of the Deployment of Green Communication Technology in GSM," European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, European Open Science, vol. 4(1), January.
    • Handle: RePEc:epw:ejece0:v:4:y:2020:i:1:id:19169
    DOI: 10.24018/ejece.2020.4.1.169
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://eu-opensci.org/index.php/ejece/article/view/19169
    File Function: Abstract page
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://eu-opensci.org/index.php/ejece/article/download/19169/11081
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.24018/ejece.2020.4.1.169?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Asma Mohamad Aris & Bahman Shabani, 2015. "Sustainable Power Supply Solutions for Off-Grid Base Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-38, September.
    2. Zhang, Ming & Liu, Xiao & Wang, Wenwen & Zhou, Min, 2013. "Decomposition analysis of CO2 emissions from electricity generation in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 159-165.
    3. Ou, Ting-Chia & Hong, Chih-Ming, 2014. "Dynamic operation and control of microgrid hybrid power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 314-323.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. B. I. Bakare & S. M. Ekolama, 2021. "Preventing Man-in-The-Middle (MiTM) Attack of GSM Calls," European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, European Open Science, vol. 5(4), pages 63-68, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fangyi Li & Zhaoyang Ye & Xilin Xiao & Dawei Ma, 2019. "Environmental Benefits of Stock Evolution of Coal-Fired Power Generators in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Kawakib Arar Tahir, 2025. "A Systematic Review and Evolutionary Analysis of the Optimization Techniques and Software Tools in Hybrid Microgrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-32, April.
    3. Kaivo-oja, J. & Luukkanen, J. & Panula-Ontto, J. & Vehmas, J. & Chen, Y. & Mikkonen, S. & Auffermann, B., 2014. "Are structural change and modernisation leading to convergence in the CO2 economy? Decomposition analysis of China, EU and USA," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 115-125.
    4. Wang, Miao & Feng, Chao, 2017. "Analysis of energy-related CO2 emissions in China’s mining industry: Evidence and policy implications," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 77-87.
    5. Pengfei Wang & Jialiang Yi & Mansoureh Zangiabadi & Pádraig Lyons & Phil Taylor, 2017. "Evaluation of Voltage Control Approaches for Future Smart Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
    6. Nantian Huang & Hua Peng & Guowei Cai & Jikai Chen, 2016. "Power Quality Disturbances Feature Selection and Recognition Using Optimal Multi-Resolution Fast S-Transform and CART Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-21, November.
    7. Xuankai Deng & Yanhua Yu & Yanfang Liu, 2015. "Effect of Construction Land Expansion on Energy-Related Carbon Emissions: Empirical Analysis of China and Its Provinces from 2001 to 2011," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-22, June.
    8. Andrés Henao-Muñoz & Andrés Saavedra-Montes & Carlos Ramos-Paja, 2018. "Optimal Power Dispatch of Small-Scale Standalone Microgrid Located in Colombian Territory," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, July.
    9. Wang, Xiaolei & Lin, Boqiang, 2016. "How to reduce CO2 emissions in China׳s iron and steel industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1496-1505.
    10. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim, 2016. "Hybrid Off-Grid SPV/WTG Power System for Remote Cellular Base Stations Towards Green and Sustainable Cellular Networks in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-23, December.
    11. Dagnachew, Anteneh G. & Lucas, Paul L. & Hof, Andries F. & Gernaat, David E.H.J. & de Boer, Harmen-Sytze & van Vuuren, Detlef P., 2017. "The role of decentralized systems in providing universal electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa – A model-based approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 184-195.
    12. Yohwan Choi & Hongseok Kim, 2016. "Optimal Scheduling of Energy Storage System for Self-Sustainable Base Station Operation Considering Battery Wear-Out Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-19, June.
    13. Wang, Zhiping & Feng, Chao & Chen, Jinyu & Huang, Jianbai, 2017. "The driving forces of material use in China: An index decomposition analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 336-348.
    14. Furqan Asghar & Muhammad Talha & Sung Ho Kim, 2017. "Robust Frequency and Voltage Stability Control Strategy for Standalone AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-20, May.
    15. James Hamilton & Michael Negnevitsky & Xiaolin Wang & Evgenii Semshchikov, 2020. "The Role of Low-Load Diesel in Improved Renewable Hosting Capacity within Isolated Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    16. Yuan Liu & Qinliang Tan & Jian Han & Mingxin Guo, 2021. "Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus Optimization for the Path of Achieving Carbon Emission Peak in China Considering Multiple Uncertainties: A Case Study in Inner Mongolia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    17. Niranjan Rao Deevela & Tara C. Kandpal & Bhim Singh, 2024. "A review of renewable energy based power supply options for telecom towers," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 2897-2964, February.
    18. Ahmad Khan, Aftab & Naeem, Muhammad & Iqbal, Muhammad & Qaisar, Saad & Anpalagan, Alagan, 2016. "A compendium of optimization objectives, constraints, tools and algorithms for energy management in microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1664-1683.
    19. Shao, Shuai & Huang, Tao & Yang, Lili, 2014. "Using latent variable approach to estimate China׳s economy-wide energy rebound effect over 1954–2010," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 235-248.
    20. Banjo A. Aderemi & S. P. Daniel Chowdhury & Thomas O. Olwal & Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz, 2018. "Techno-Economic Feasibility of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage Power System for a Mobile Cellular Base Station in Soshanguve, South Africa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-26, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:epw:ejece0:v:4:y:2020:i:1:id:19169. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: support (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://eu-opensci.org/index.php/ejece .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.