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Neighborhood built environment and cognition in non-demented older adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

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  • Besser, Lilah M.
  • Rodriguez, Daniel A.
  • McDonald, Noreen
  • Kukull, Walter A.
  • Fitzpatrick, Annette L.
  • Rapp, Stephen R.
  • Seeman, Teresa

Abstract

Preliminary studies suggest that neighborhood social and built environment (BE) characteristics may affect cognition in older adults. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to the neighborhood environment due to a decreasing range of routine travel with increasing age. We examined if multiple neighborhood BE characteristics are cross-sectionally associated with cognition in a diverse sample of older adults, and if the BE-cognition associations vary by individual-level demographics. The sample included 4539 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the associations between five BE measures and four cognitive measures, and effect modification by individual-level education and race/ethnicity. In the overall sample, increasing social destination density, walking destination density, and intersection density were associated with worse overall cognition, whereas increasing proportion of land dedicated to retail was associated with better processing speed. Effect modification results suggest that the association between urban density and worse cognition may be limited to or strongest in those of non-white race/ethnicity. Although an increase in neighborhood retail destinations was associated with better cognition in the overall sample, these results suggest that certain BE characteristics in dense urban environments may have a disproportionately negative association with cognition in vulnerable populations. However, our findings must be replicated in longitudinal studies and other regional samples.

Suggested Citation

  • Besser, Lilah M. & Rodriguez, Daniel A. & McDonald, Noreen & Kukull, Walter A. & Fitzpatrick, Annette L. & Rapp, Stephen R. & Seeman, Teresa, 2018. "Neighborhood built environment and cognition in non-demented older adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 27-35.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:200:y:2018:i:c:p:27-35
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sugiyama, T. & Francis, J. & Middleton, N.J. & Owen, N. & Giles-CortI, B., 2010. "Associations between recreational walking and attractiveness, size, and proximity of neighborhood open spaces," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(9), pages 1752-1757.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jessica Finlay & Anam Khan & Carina Gronlund & Ketlyne Sol & Joy Jang & Robert Melendez & Suzanne Judd & Philippa Clarke, 2020. "Weather Woes? Exploring Potential Links between Precipitation and Age-Related Cognitive Decline," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Lilah M. Besser & Willa D. Brenowitz & Oanh L. Meyer & Serena Hoermann & John Renne, 2021. "Methods to Address Self-Selection and Reverse Causation in Studies of Neighborhood Environments and Brain Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Chen, Xi & Lee, Chanam & Huang, Hao, 2022. "Neighborhood built environment associated with cognition and dementia risk among older adults: A systematic literature review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    4. Finlay, Jessica & Esposito, Michael & Langa, Kenneth M. & Judd, Suzanne & Clarke, Philippa, 2022. "Cognability: An Ecological Theory of neighborhoods and cognitive aging," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    5. Lilah M. Besser & Lun-Ching Chang & Jana A. Hirsch & Daniel A. Rodriguez & John Renne & Stephen R. Rapp & Annette L. Fitzpatrick & Susan R. Heckbert & Joel D. Kaufman & Timothy M. Hughes, 2021. "Longitudinal Associations between the Neighborhood Built Environment and Cognition in US Older Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.

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