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Purification of crude biodiesel obtained by heterogeneously-catalyzed transesterification

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  • Veljković, Vlada B.
  • Banković-Ilić, Ivana B.
  • Stamenković, Olivera S.

Abstract

This review paper presents the methods that have been used to date for the purification of crude biodiesel obtained by heterogeneous production processes. At first, a typical biodiesel production process using heterogeneous catalysts is shortly described, paying attention to the main processing steps. Then, possible impurities and their effects on the biodiesel quality are pointed out. The main part of this review paper deals with the traditional (wet and dry washing) and novel (membrane extraction, precipitation, complexation, simultaneous ion-exchange and precipitation as well as simultaneous biodiesel synthesis and purification) purification methods. These purification methods are compared with respect of their refining efficiency. A special attention is paid to their comparison regarding the type of raw materials used in biodiesel production. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages of the crude biodiesel purification methods are emphasized. Finally, environmental aspects of crude biodiesel purification are highlighted.

Suggested Citation

  • Veljković, Vlada B. & Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. & Stamenković, Olivera S., 2015. "Purification of crude biodiesel obtained by heterogeneously-catalyzed transesterification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 500-516.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:49:y:2015:i:c:p:500-516
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.097
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    1. Stojković, Ivan J. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Povrenović, Dragan S. & Veljković, Vlada B., 2014. "Purification technologies for crude biodiesel obtained by alkali-catalyzed transesterification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 1-15.
    2. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Aziz, A.R. Abdul & Sulaiman, N.M.N., 2011. "Refining technologies for the purification of crude biodiesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4239-4251.
    3. Suppalakpanya, K. & Ratanawilai, S.B. & Tongurai, C., 2010. "Production of ethyl ester from esterified crude palm oil by microwave with dry washing by bleaching earth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(7), pages 2356-2359, July.
    4. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Abdul Aziz, A.R. & Sulaiman, N.M.N., 2011. "Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 5051-5062.
    5. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Aziz, A. Abdul, 2011. "Biodiesel separation and purification: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 437-443.
    6. Veljković, Vlada B. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Tasić, Marija B., 2014. "The wastewater treatment in the biodiesel production with alkali-catalyzed transesterification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 40-60.
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    5. Ennaceri, Houda & Fischer, Kristina & Schulze, Agnes & Moheimani, Navid Reza, 2022. "Membrane fouling control for sustainable microalgal biodiesel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    6. Chen, Ying-Chen & Lin, Dai-Ying & Chen, Bing-Hung, 2019. "Metasilicate-based catalyst prepared from natural diatomaceous earth for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 1042-1050.
    7. Shelare, Sagar D. & Belkhode, Pramod N. & Nikam, Keval Chandrakant & Jathar, Laxmikant D. & Shahapurkar, Kiran & Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Veza, Ibham & Khan, T.M. Yunus & Kalam, M.A. & Nizami, Ab, 2023. "Biofuels for a sustainable future: Examining the role of nano-additives, economics, policy, internet of things, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology in biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    8. Sokač, Tea & Gojun, Martin & Tušek, Ana Jurinjak & Šalić, Anita & Zelić, Bruno, 2020. "Purification of biodiesel produced by lipase catalysed transesterification by ultrafiltration: Selection of membranes and analysis of membrane blocking mechanisms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 642-651.
    9. Marinković, Dalibor M. & Stanković, Miroslav V. & Veličković, Ana V. & Avramović, Jelena M. & Miladinović, Marija R. & Stamenković, Olivera O. & Veljković, Vlada B. & Jovanović, Dušan M., 2016. "Calcium oxide as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: Current state and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1387-1408.
    10. Uliana, Nilva R. & Polloni, André & Paliga, Marshall & Veneral, Josamaique G. & Quadri, Marintho B. & Oliveira, J. Vladimir, 2017. "Acidity reduction of enzymatic biodiesel using alkaline washing," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 393-396.
    11. Abdelmigeed, Mai O. & Al-Sakkari, Eslam G. & Hefney, Mahmoud S. & Ismail, Fatma M. & Ahmed, Tamer S. & Ismail, Ibrahim M., 2021. "Biodiesel production catalyzed by NaOH/Magnetized ZIF-8: Yield improvement using methanolysis and catalyst reusability enhancement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 253-261.
    12. Živković, Snežana B. & Veljković, Milan V. & Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. & Krstić, Ivan M. & Konstantinović, Sandra S. & Ilić, Slavica B. & Avramović, Jelena M. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Veljković, Vlad, 2017. "Technological, technical, economic, environmental, social, human health risk, toxicological and policy considerations of biodiesel production and use," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 222-247.

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