Recent advances in CO2 solid adsorbents and application prospect in biofuel production

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is regarded as one of the most effective strategies for addressing climate change, with carbon capture serving as a critical initial step. Solid material adsorption is recognized as one of the most practical approaches due to its broad operational temperature range, cost-effectiveness, low energy consumption, high absorption capacity, and minimal environmental impact. This research reviews and discusses recent advances in solid adsorbents from preparation methods, adsorption mechanisms and modification methods for CO2 capture across varying temperatures in the past five years. Simultaneously, the challenges associated with the practical application of these materials including scalability, cyclic stability, production cost, energy consumption and environmental effect are systemically summarized, and corresponding directions and suggestions are proposed. The moisture in the feed gas can break certain coordination bonds in the low-temperature adsorbent, leading to a decline in the CO2 adsorption capacity. The loading of organic amine can improve the adsorption capacity, selectivity, and thermal stability of low-temperature adsorbents. Low adsorption capacity and low cycling stability are the problems that need to be prioritized for intermediate-temperature adsorbents, among which molten alkali metal salts (AMS) doping is a promising solution. The introduction of inert metal oxides into CaO-based high-temperature adsorbent obviously alleviates thermal sintering deactivation. Furthermore, this review also evaluates the potential application prospects of various adsorbents in production of biofuels including biogas, green alcohols, green hydrogen, and aromatic hydrocarbons. In conclusion, this review offers valuable insights and guidance for future advancements in green and low-carbon energy technologies.