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A survey on adaptive protection of microgrids and distribution systems with distributed generators

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  • Barra, P.H.A.
  • Coury, D.V.
  • Fernandes, R.A.S.

Abstract

Microgrids have emerged as a prospective framework that integrates renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and loads. They can be addressed as a local distribution system with distributed generators (DGs) and have the potential to improve power quality, reliability, and energy efficiency to their consumers in a grid-connected or islanded mode. However, in order to implement microgrids or distribution systems with DGs, some challenges should be faced, especially concerning protection issues. The possible operating modes and the presence of distributed energy resources may make conventional protection schemes ineffective. Therefore, new protection schemes have been developed in the context of microgrids, including the cases of distribution systems with DGs. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive survey aiming at studies considering this kind of protection. Emphasis has been given to studies associated with adaptive protection, considered by some researchers as a promising solution for microgrid protection. For this purpose, firstly, a microgrid structure is briefly presented. Afterwards, some challenges related to the protection of these systems are also addressed. Moreover, a brief overview of adaptive protection is provided, and then the newly developed schemes found in the technical literature are described. It is worth mentioning that a bibliometric analysis is also presented in this paper, highlighting a substantial growth in publications concerning adaptive protection. Nevertheless, it can be observed that more effort is still needed to obtain a complete solution for the protection of microgrids and distribution systems with DGs. Further attention to matters such as communication failures, cyberattacks, and the presence of energy storage systems should emerge in the next few years.

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  • Barra, P.H.A. & Coury, D.V. & Fernandes, R.A.S., 2020. "A survey on adaptive protection of microgrids and distribution systems with distributed generators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:118:y:2020:i:c:s1364032119307324
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109524
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    Cited by:

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    5. Felipe Carvalho Sampaio & Fernando Lessa Tofoli & Lucas Silveira Melo & Giovanni Cordeiro Barroso & Raimundo Furtado Sampaio & Ruth Pastôra Saraiva Leão, 2023. "Smart Protection System for Microgrids with Grid-Connected and Islanded Capabilities Based on an Adaptive Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Khosravi, N. & Abdolmohammadi, H.R. & Bagheri, S. & Miveh, M.R., 2021. "Improvement of harmonic conditions in the AC/DC microgrids with the presence of filter compensation modules," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    7. Shobole, Abdulfetah Abdela & Wadi, Mohammed, 2021. "Multiagent systems application for the smart grid protection," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    8. Alex Valenzuela & Silvio Simani & Esteban Inga, 2021. "Automatic Overcurrent Protection Coordination after Distribution Network Reconfiguration Based on Peer-To-Peer Communication," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-22, June.
    9. Barra, P.H.A. & de Carvalho, W.C. & Menezes, T.S. & Fernandes, R.A.S. & Coury, D.V., 2021. "A review on wind power smoothing using high-power energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    10. Alireza Forouzesh & Mohammad S. Golsorkhi & Mehdi Savaghebi & Mehdi Baharizadeh, 2021. "Support Vector Machine Based Fault Location Identification in Microgrids Using Interharmonic Injection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-14, April.
    11. Nikola Simic & Luka Strezoski & Boris Dumnic, 2021. "Short-Circuit Analysis of DER-Based Microgrids in Connected and Islanded Modes of Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Yang, Tongxu & Zhang, Limei & Zhen, Linteng & Liu, Yongfu & Song, Qianqian & Tang, Wei, 2021. "Fast microgrids formation of distribution network with high penetration of DERs considering reliability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    13. Shi, Jiaqi & Ma, Liya & Li, Chenchen & Liu, Nian & Zhang, Jianhua, 2022. "A comprehensive review of standards for distributed energy resource grid-integration and microgrid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    14. Rodrigues, Stefane Dias & Garcia, Vinicius Jacques, 2023. "Transactive energy in microgrid communities: A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    15. Patnaik, Bhaskar & Mishra, Manohar & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Jena, Ranjan Kumar, 2020. "AC microgrid protection – A review: Current and future prospective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    16. Pavel Ilyushin & Vladislav Volnyi & Konstantin Suslov & Sergey Filippov, 2022. "Review of Methods for Addressing Challenging Issues in the Operation of Protection Devices in Microgrids with Voltages of up to 1 kV That Integrates Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-22, December.
    17. Aushiq Ali Memon & Kimmo Kauhaniemi, 2020. "An Adaptive Protection for Radial AC Microgrid Using IEC 61850 Communication Standard: Algorithm Proposal Using Offline Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-31, October.
    18. Amedeo Andreotti & Bianca Caiazzo & Alberto Petrillo & Stefania Santini & Alfredo Vaccaro, 2020. "Hierarchical Two-Layer Distributed Control Architecture for Voltage Regulation in Multiple Microgrids in the Presence of Time-Varying Delays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-19, December.
    19. Sheesh Ram Ola & Amit Saraswat & Sunil Kumar Goyal & Virendra Sharma & Baseem Khan & Om Prakash Mahela & Hassan Haes Alhelou & Pierluigi Siano, 2020. "Alienation Coefficient and Wigner Distribution Function Based Protection Scheme for Hybrid Power System Network with Renewable Energy Penetration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-25, March.

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