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Output power smoothing control approaches for wind and photovoltaic generation systems: A review

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  • Lamsal, Dipesh
  • Sreeram, Victor
  • Mishra, Yateendra
  • Kumar, Deepak

Abstract

Wind and photovoltaic generation systems possess fluctuating output power due to intermittency in wind speed and solar irradiance which needs to be smoothed before supplying power to the grid for a proper operation. Several power smoothing methods are developed in recent years for wind and photovoltaic systems. This paper presents an extensive review of the output power smoothing methods considering the use of the energy storage system (ESS). In general, the smoothing of fluctuating power is carried out with an ESS such as a battery energy storage system, fuel cell/electrolyzer, superconducting magnetic energy storage, flywheel energy storage system, energy capacitor system as well as without any energy storage system. As the installation and maintenance cost of ESS-based smoothing methods are high, the existing approaches of power smoothing can be broadly categorized into with and without ESS. This paper discusses the merits and demerits of the existing research in power smoothing approaches and proposes key future directions. Moreover, a comparative study of some well-known smoothing techniques is presented for a simple power system with wind, Photovoltaics and batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Lamsal, Dipesh & Sreeram, Victor & Mishra, Yateendra & Kumar, Deepak, 2019. "Output power smoothing control approaches for wind and photovoltaic generation systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:113:y:2019:i:c:1
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109245
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    2. Barra, P.H.A. & de Carvalho, W.C. & Menezes, T.S. & Fernandes, R.A.S. & Coury, D.V., 2021. "A review on wind power smoothing using high-power energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
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    4. Yang, Yuqing & Bremner, Stephen & Menictas, Chris & Kay, Merlinde, 2022. "Modelling and optimal energy management for battery energy storage systems in renewable energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Barra, P.H.A. & Coury, D.V. & Fernandes, R.A.S., 2020. "A survey on adaptive protection of microgrids and distribution systems with distributed generators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
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    7. Valerio Mariani & Federico Zenith & Luigi Glielmo, 2022. "Operating Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Systems in Wind Farms for Smooth Power Injection: A Penalty Fees Aware Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-27, August.
    8. Rostirolla, G. & Grange, L. & Minh-Thuyen, T. & Stolf, P. & Pierson, J.M. & Da Costa, G. & Baudic, G. & Haddad, M. & Kassab, A. & Nicod, J.M. & Philippe, L. & Rehn-Sonigo, V. & Roche, R. & Celik, B. &, 2022. "A survey of challenges and solutions for the integration of renewable energy in datacenters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).

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