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Biodiesel production by esterification of free fatty acid over sulfated zirconia

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  • Patel, Anjali
  • Brahmkhatri, Varsha
  • Singh, Namita

Abstract

Sulfated zirconia was synthesized and characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as EDS, Thermal analysis (TGA & DTG), FT-IR, XRD, BET surface area measurement, SEM and n-butyl amine acidity determination. The use of synthesized catalyst was explored for biodiesel production by esterification of (free fatty acid) oleic acid with methanol. Influence of various reaction parameters (catalyst concentration, acid/alcohol molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time) on catalytic performance was studied to optimize the conditions for maximum yield of methyl oleate. Also the catalyst was regenerated and reused. As an application, preliminary study was carried out for biodiesel production by transesterification of waste cooking oil and Jatropha oil, as feedstock without any pretreatment, with methanol.

Suggested Citation

  • Patel, Anjali & Brahmkhatri, Varsha & Singh, Namita, 2013. "Biodiesel production by esterification of free fatty acid over sulfated zirconia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 227-233.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:51:y:2013:i:c:p:227-233
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.040
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rattanaphra, Dussadee & Harvey, Adam P. & Thanapimmetha, Anusith & Srinophakun, Penjit, 2011. "Kinetic of myristic acid esterification with methanol in the presence of triglycerides over sulfated zirconia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 2679-2686.
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    1. Shi, Guoliang & Yu, Feng & Wang, Yan & Pan, Dahai & Wang, Huigang & Li, Ruifeng, 2016. "A novel one-pot synthesis of tetragonal sulfated zirconia catalyst with high activity for biodiesel production from the transesterification of soybean oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 22-29.
    2. Amani, H. & Ahmad, Z. & Hameed, B.H., 2014. "Synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters via the methanolysis of palm oil over Ca3.5xZr0.5yAlxO3 mixed oxide catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 680-685.
    3. Kaur, Navjot & Ali, Amjad, 2015. "Preparation and application of Ce/ZrO2−TiO2/SO42− as solid catalyst for the esterification of fatty acids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 421-431.
    4. Savaliya, Mehulkumar L. & Patel, Pooja J. & Dholakiya, Bharatkumar Z., 2017. "A simple and sustainable process for the preparation of fuel grade esters using PE-Si composite: A reusable catalytic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-12.
    5. Avhad, M.R. & Marchetti, J.M., 2015. "A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 696-718.
    6. Rezende, Michelle J.C. & Pinto, Angelo C., 2016. "Esterification of fatty acids using acid-activated Brazilian smectite natural clay as a catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 171-177.
    7. Pourzolfaghar, Hamed & Abnisa, Faisal & Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan & Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine, 2016. "A review of the enzymatic hydroesterification process for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 245-257.
    8. Li, Mantian & Chen, Jinyi & Huang, Youjie & Li, Meichen & Lin, Xiaocheng & Qiu, Ting, 2020. "Reusable and efficient heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from free fatty acids and oils: Self-solidifying hybrid ionic liquids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    9. Binhayeeding, Narisa & Klomklao, Sappasith & Prasertsan, Poonsuk & Sangkharak, Kanokphorn, 2020. "Improvement of biodiesel production using waste cooking oil and applying single and mixed immobilised lipases on polyhydroxyalkanoate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1819-1827.
    10. Liang, Xuezheng, 2013. "Synthesis of biodiesel from waste oil under mild conditions using novel acidic ionic liquid immobilization on poly divinylbenzene," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 103-108.
    11. de Aguiar, Viviane Marques & de Souza, Andrea Luzia F. & Galdino, Fernanda S. & da Silva, Michelle Martha C. & Teixeira, Viviane Gomes & Lachter, Elizabeth R., 2017. "Sulfonated poly(divinylbenzene) and poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) as catalysts for esterification of fatty acids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 725-732.
    12. Alaei, Shervin & Haghighi, Mohammad & Rahmanivahid, Behgam & Shokrani, Reza & Naghavi, Hossein, 2020. "Conventional vs. hybrid methods for dispersion of MgO over magnetic Mg–Fe mixed oxides nanocatalyst in biofuel production from vegetable oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1188-1203.

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