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Wind turbine aeroacoustics driven by dynamic mode decomposition-based aerodynamics

Author

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  • Testa, Claudio
  • Bernardi, Claudio
  • Porcacchia, Federico
  • De Palma, Pietro
  • Cherubini, Stefania

Abstract

This paper presents an aeroacoustic analysis of the NREL 5 MW rotor-nacelle assembly by the permeable-surface Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FWH-P) equation coupled with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) aerodynamics. By assuming a straight, laminar inflow to the rotor disk, near and far field noise features are analyzed in the time-domain and by the Overall Sound Pressure Level (OASPL) directivity at ground and in the rotor plane, comparing the acoustic contributions from linear (pressure-based) and nonlinear (velocity-based) terms, and highlighting the role of tonal and broadband noise components. Throughout the paper, a Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) of the LES dataset is used to identify key aerodynamic modes in the pressure and velocity fields, whereas the Sparsity-Promoting SPDMD algorithm is applied to isolate the dynamically relevant modes governing noise sources evolution. These modal information enable to establish correlations between radiated noise and sources of sound, driving in turns, the numerical assessment of a mildly-nonlinear FWH-P approximation, whose spectrum contains only those frequencies identified by the (SP)DMD analysis. Numerical results show the link between modal wake structures and radiated noise, proving the effectiveness of the mildly-nonlinear FWH-P solution in capturing the dominant noise field features, while excluding higher-frequency effects associated with acoustic nonlinearities.

Suggested Citation

  • Testa, Claudio & Bernardi, Claudio & Porcacchia, Federico & De Palma, Pietro & Cherubini, Stefania, 2026. "Wind turbine aeroacoustics driven by dynamic mode decomposition-based aerodynamics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:260:y:2026:i:c:s0960148125027405
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De Cillis, Giovanni & Cherubini, Stefania & Semeraro, Onofrio & Leonardi, Stefano & De Palma, Pietro, 2022. "The influence of incoming turbulence on the dynamic modes of an NREL-5MW wind turbine wake," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 601-616.
    2. Lee, Seunghoon & Lee, Soogab, 2014. "Numerical and experimental study of aerodynamic noise by a small wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 108-112.
    3. De Cillis, Giovanni & Semeraro, Onofrio & Leonardi, Stefano & De Palma, Pietro & Cherubini, Stefania, 2022. "Dynamic-mode-decomposition of the wake of the NREL-5MW wind turbine impinged by a laminar inflow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1-10.
    4. Krogstad, Per-Åge & Eriksen, Pål Egil, 2013. "“Blind test” calculations of the performance and wake development for a model wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 325-333.
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