IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v256y2026ipfs0960148125019846.html

Robust predefined-time fractional-order sliding mode control for performance enhancement of hydro-turbine governing system

Author

Listed:
  • Zhou, Yang
  • Huang, Sunhua
  • Xiong, Linyun
  • Li, Yong
  • Cao, Yijia

Abstract

The hydro-turbine governing system (HTGS) holds a crucial position in maintaining overall stability and security of hydropower stations. HTGS characterized by intricate dynamics involving strong coupling, nonlinearity, and non-minimum phase behavior, is responsible for regulating the frequency of the hydropower system. This article proposes a predefined-time fractional-order sliding mode controller (PTFOSMC) aimed at improving the frequency stability of the nonlinear HTGS, accounting for both internal disturbances and external noises within a predefined time. Input/output feedback linearization serves to define the explicit mapping between the HTGS control inputs and its observed outputs. Leveraging fractional calculus principles, a fractional-order controller is designed to mitigate chattering effects associated with the sign function, surpassing conventional sliding mode control (SMC) techniques. Moreover, fractional-order control methods afford greater flexibility in parameter tuning, enhancing the adaptability of controller design. The proposed PTFOSMC guarantees stability of the HTGS within a predefined time, allowing for explicit adjustment as a tuning parameter. Stability analysis of the HTGS under the proposed PTFOSMC utilizes the Lyapunov function. Numerical simulations validate the robustness, effectiveness, and superiority of the PTFOSMC relative to both finite-time control method (FTCM) and integer-order sliding mode controller (IOSMC).1

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Yang & Huang, Sunhua & Xiong, Linyun & Li, Yong & Cao, Yijia, 2026. "Robust predefined-time fractional-order sliding mode control for performance enhancement of hydro-turbine governing system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PF).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pf:s0960148125019846
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124320
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148125019846
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2025.124320?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Zhihuan & Yuan, Xiaohui & Yuan, Yanbin & Lei, Xiaohui & Zhang, Binqiao, 2019. "Parameter estimation of fuzzy sliding mode controller for hydraulic turbine regulating system based on HICA algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 551-565.
    2. Bilgili, Mehmet & Bilirgen, Harun & Ozbek, Arif & Ekinci, Firat & Demirdelen, Tugce, 2018. "The role of hydropower installations for sustainable energy development in Turkey and the world," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 755-764.
    3. Guo, Wencheng & Yang, Jiandong, 2018. "Modeling and dynamic response control for primary frequency regulation of hydro-turbine governing system with surge tank," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 173-187.
    4. Jurasz, Jakub & Mikulik, Jerzy & Krzywda, Magdalena & Ciapała, Bartłomiej & Janowski, Mirosław, 2018. "Integrating a wind- and solar-powered hybrid to the power system by coupling it with a hydroelectric power station with pumping installation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 549-563.
    5. Shirkavand, Mehrdad & Pourgholi, Mahdi, 2018. "Robust fixed-time synchronization of fractional order chaotic using free chattering nonsingular adaptive fractional sliding mode controller design," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 135-147.
    6. Yuan, Xiaohui & Chen, Zhihuan & Yuan, Yanbin & Huang, Yuehua, 2015. "Design of fuzzy sliding mode controller for hydraulic turbine regulating system via input state feedback linearization method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 173-187.
    7. Huang, Sunhua & Xiong, Linyun & Wang, Jie & Li, Penghan & Wang, Ziqiang & Ma, Meilng, 2020. "Fixed-time synergetic controller for stabilization of hydraulic turbine regulating system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 1233-1242.
    8. Yu, Xiaodong & Yang, Xiuwei & Zhang, Jian, 2019. "Stability analysis of hydro-turbine governing system including surge tanks under interconnected operation during small load disturbance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1426-1435.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Huang, Sunhua & Xiong, Linyun & Wang, Jie & Li, Penghan & Wang, Ziqiang & Ma, Meilng, 2020. "Fixed-time synergetic controller for stabilization of hydraulic turbine regulating system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 1233-1242.
    2. Xu, Beibei & Zhang, Jingjing & Egusquiza, Mònica & Chen, Diyi & Li, Feng & Behrens, Paul & Egusquiza, Eduard, 2021. "A review of dynamic models and stability analysis for a hydro-turbine governing system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    3. Ma, Weichao & Yan, Wenjie & Yang, Jiebin & He, Xianghui & Yang, Jiandong & Yang, Weijia, 2022. "Experimental and numerical investigation on head losses of a complex throttled surge tank for refined hydropower plant simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 264-279.
    4. Zou, Yidong & Hu, Wenqing & Xiao, Zhihuai & Wang, Yunhe & Chen, Jinbao & Zheng, Yang & Qian, Jing & Zeng, Yun, 2023. "Design of intelligent nonlinear robust controller for hydro-turbine governing system based on state-dynamic-measurement hybrid feedback linearization method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 635-651.
    5. Huang, Sunhua & Zhou, Bin & Bu, Siqi & Li, Canbing & Zhang, Cong & Wang, Huaizhi & Wang, Tao, 2019. "Robust fixed-time sliding mode control for fractional-order nonlinear hydro-turbine governing system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 447-458.
    6. Andrey Achitaev & Pavel Ilyushin & Konstantin Suslov & Sergey Kobyletski, 2022. "Dynamic Simulation of Starting and Emergency Conditions of a Hydraulic Unit Based on a Francis Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-18, October.
    7. Lisheng Li & Jing Qian & Yidong Zou & Danning Tian & Yun Zeng & Fei Cao & Xiang Li, 2022. "Optimized Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Mixed H 2 / H ∞ Robust Controller Design Based on CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm for Hydraulic Turbine Governing System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-31, June.
    8. Liu, Dong & Wang, Xin & Peng, Yunshui & Zhang, Hui & Xiao, Zhihuai & Han, Xiangdong & Malik, O.P., 2020. "Stability analysis of hydropower units under full operating conditions considering turbine nonlinearity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 723-742.
    9. Tian, Yuqiang & Wang, Bin & Chen, Peng & Yang, Ying, 2021. "Finite-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy controller design for hydraulic turbine governing systems with mechanical time delays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 614-624.
    10. Kanchanaharuthai, Adirak & Mujjalinvimut, Ekkachai, 2022. "Fixed-time command-filtered backstepping control design for hydraulic turbine regulating systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1091-1103.
    11. Yu, Xiaodong & Yang, Xiuwei & Yu, Chao & Zhang, Jian & Tian, Yuan, 2021. "Direct approach to optimize PID controller parameters of hydropower plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 342-350.
    12. Liu, Dong & Li, Chaoshun & Malik, O.P., 2021. "Nonlinear modeling and multi-scale damping characteristics of hydro-turbine regulation systems under complex variable hydraulic and electrical network structures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    13. Bicheng Guo & Jiang Guo, 2019. "Feedback Linearization and Reaching Law Based Sliding Mode Control Design for Nonlinear Hydraulic Turbine Governing System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, June.
    14. Dong Liu & Xinxu Wei & Jingjing Zhang & Xiao Hu & Lihong Zhang, 2023. "A Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Hydropower Units under Full Operating Conditions Considering Turbine Nonlinearity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-21, July.
    15. Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong & Huang, Yifan & Yang, Weijia & Ma, Weichao & Hou, Liangyu & Chen, Man, 2021. "Improvement of regulation quality for hydro-dominated power system: quantifying oscillation characteristic and multi-objective optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 606-631.
    16. Huang, Yifan & Yang, Weijia & Liao, Yiwen & Zhao, Zhigao & Ma, Weichao & Yang, Jiebin & Yang, Jiandong, 2022. "Improved transfer function method for flexible simulation of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical transient processes of hydro-power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 390-404.
    17. Hu, Jinhong & Yang, Jiebin & He, Xianghui & Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Transient analysis of a hydropower plant with a super-long headrace tunnel during load acceptance: Instability mechanism and measurement verification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    18. Hu, Zanao & Cheng, Yongguang & Zhang, Pengcheng & Li, Wenxin & Zhang, Jian & Ma, Yanmei & Hu, Zhaohua & Li, Gui fen, 2025. "Runner modification optimization design method for pump-turbine runner considering hydraulic transient guarantee parameter constraints," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    19. Jurasz, Jakub & Beluco, Alexandre & Canales, Fausto A., 2018. "The impact of complementarity on power supply reliability of small scale hybrid energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 737-743.
    20. Wang, Zhenni & Tan, Qiaofeng & Wen, Xin & Su, Huaying & Fang, Guohua & Wang, Hao, 2025. "Capacity optimization of retrofitting cascade hydropower plants with pumping stations for renewable energy integration: A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PC).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pf:s0960148125019846. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.