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Simulation and optimization of CZTS/CZTSSe tandem photovoltaic cells for current balancing and efficiency improvement

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  • Yadav, Shweta
  • Chauhan, R.K.
  • Mishra, Rajan

Abstract

This study presents a numerical analysis of a CZTS/CZTSSe tandem photovoltaic device using SCAPS-1D simulation tool. A tandem photovoltaic cell was designed alongside wide-bandgap CZTS top cell and a narrow-bandgap CZTSSe bottom cell. Initially, performance of each sub-cell was analyzed independently, followed by development of the tandem structure. The top cell was illuminated with the AM 1.5 spectrum, while the bottom cell received the AM 1.5 spectrum filtered by the top cell. This work lies in the development of a tandem solar cell architecture utilizing a 1.3 eV CZTS-based upper subcell and a 1 eV CZTSSe-based lower subcell, which was then designed and optimized for maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE). The influence of absorber layer thickness and doping concentration on the device's performance were examined. The simulation approach may be limited by its one-dimensional model, simplified material behavior, and lack of consideration for complex optical effects, grain boundary recombination, and three-dimensional transport phenomena. Current matching was achieved by optimizing absorber thicknesses. The optimized tandem device (900 nm CZTS, 500 nm CZTSSe) attained a 38.21 % PCE, VOC of 1.5877 V, JSC of 30.75 mA/cm2, and FF of 78.26 %. These findings aid CZTS/CZTSSe tandem solar cell advancement.

Suggested Citation

  • Yadav, Shweta & Chauhan, R.K. & Mishra, Rajan, 2025. "Simulation and optimization of CZTS/CZTSSe tandem photovoltaic cells for current balancing and efficiency improvement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:255:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125014740
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123810
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