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Optimization of biomethane production from purified biowaste pyrolysis gas: A comparative techno-economic assessment

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Listed:
  • Brands, Marvin B.
  • Beuel, Patrick
  • Torres-Rivera, Felipe
  • Beckmüller, Robin
  • Ayoub, Mazloum Sheikh
  • Stenzel, Peter

Abstract

This study investigates a novel pathway for biomethane production by converting biogenic residues into product gas through pyrolysis, water-gas shift reaction, and microbial methanogenesis. A key challenge in this process is gas purification, as the product gas must meet certain requirements for grid feed-in while ensuring economic feasibility. Unlike conventional biomethane production via anaerobic digestion in biogas plants, this approach enables the utilization of recalcitrant biogenic residues while minimizing process-immanent limitations. The research integrates gas purification with a techno-economic assessment, focusing on achieving a higher H2/CO2 ratio through CO2 removal, thereby minimizing additional hydrogen demand. A unique case study demonstrates that expanding the process with a scrubbing unit reduces hydrogen procurement costs by approximately 51 %, achieving the lowest levelized cost of biomethane at 143 €/MWh. Sensitivity analysis reveals that hydrogen price is the most critical factor for economic feasibility, while electricity price has minor impact. The findings provide actionable insights for scaling biomethane production from biogenic residues via pyrolysis, offering a promising alternative to conventional biogas upgrading. The study highlights the crucial role of tailored gas purification strategies and recommends scrubbing units as a key component for future industrial applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Brands, Marvin B. & Beuel, Patrick & Torres-Rivera, Felipe & Beckmüller, Robin & Ayoub, Mazloum Sheikh & Stenzel, Peter, 2025. "Optimization of biomethane production from purified biowaste pyrolysis gas: A comparative techno-economic assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:245:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125005270
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122865
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Katja Oehmichen & Stefan Majer & Daniela Thrän, 2021. "Biomethane from Manure, Agricultural Residues and Biowaste—GHG Mitigation Potential from Residue-Based Biomethane in the European Transport Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Lombardi, Lidia & Francini, Giovanni, 2020. "Techno-economic and environmental assessment of the main biogas upgrading technologies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 440-458.
    3. Hongfang Chen & Yin Wang & Guangwen Xu & Kunio Yoshikawa, 2012. "Fuel-N Evolution during the Pyrolysis of Industrial Biomass Wastes with High Nitrogen Content," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Collet, Pierre & Flottes, Eglantine & Favre, Alain & Raynal, Ludovic & Pierre, Hélène & Capela, Sandra & Peregrina, Carlos, 2017. "Techno-economic and Life Cycle Assessment of methane production via biogas upgrading and power to gas technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 282-295.
    5. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Chen, Chia-Yang, 2020. "Water gas shift reaction for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
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    1. Zhang, Xinchen & Che, Yuchen & Zhang, Yafei & Qi, Xiaopei & Wang, Fuxin & Qu, Jingbo, 2026. "Biochar-mediated regulation of carbon-nitrogen dynamics in aerobic composting of biogas residue," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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