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Optimizing wind-solar hydrogen production through collaborative strategy with ALK/PEM multi-electrolyzer arrays

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  • Zhang, Qinjin
  • Xie, Di
  • Zeng, Yuji
  • Liu, Yancheng
  • Yu, Heyang
  • Liu, Siyuan

Abstract

This paper presents an innovative sustainable hydrogen production system integrating solar and wind energy to provide power to alkaline (ALK) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. On this basis, a novel source and load collaborative optimization strategy is proposed to optimize the hydrogen production system, aiming to address the challenges of the intermittent and variable nature of renewable energy sources. The proposed strategy consists of a classification prediction module using the XGBoost algorithm, which analyzes historical energy generation data to predict optimal electrolyzer operation. Furthermore, the proposed collaborative optimization strategy is able to balance the loads between the electrolyzer arrays, aiming to minimize cold-start situations, prolong steady-state hydrogen production time, and reduce operational variations due to maintenance. The proposed strategy is proved to significantly reduce the standard deviation of the electrolyzer runtime, enhancing the overall system stability, and contributing to the reduction of maintenance frequency. Theoretical analyzes and extensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improving hydrogen production efficiency and sustainability. This work contributes to the integration of renewable energy sources for clean energy production, and provides a practical and effective solution for the urgently needed green hydrogen production.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Qinjin & Xie, Di & Zeng, Yuji & Liu, Yancheng & Yu, Heyang & Liu, Siyuan, 2024. "Optimizing wind-solar hydrogen production through collaborative strategy with ALK/PEM multi-electrolyzer arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:232:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124011844
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121116
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    2. Shi, Shujing & Pan, Yuzhe & Li, Yihang & Wang, Hao & Lu, Youjun, 2026. "Capacity configuration and optimization of an off-grid wind-solar-hydrogen integrated system considering hybrid hydrogen production with alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
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    4. Yang, Zilong & Yang, Jin & Sun, Haoran & Liu, Weiqun & Li, Hongkun & Zhu, Qiao, 2025. "Integrating multiphysics modeling and machine learning for enhanced efficiency and thermal management in PEM water electrolyzer systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PA).
    5. Lei, Dayong & Xu, Xiaoyuan & Yan, Zheng & Sun, Wenqiang & Hou, Yunhe, 2026. "A multi-objective sorting rotation control strategy for hydrogen production system considering electrolyzer degradation and state transition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 402(PB).
    6. Tang, Yuzhen & Zheng, Zhuoqun & Min, Fanqi & Xie, Jingying & Yang, Hengzhao, 2025. "An optimization framework for component sizing and energy management of hybrid electrolyzer systems considering physical characteristics of alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    7. Li, Chao & Gao, Yuzheng & Liu, Hongtao & Zhai, Rongrong, 2025. "Energy, exergy, environmental, and economic analysis of a novel hydrogen production system integrating concentrated photovoltaic thermal collectors and wind turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    8. Zhou, Jiahui & Tong, Bing & Wang, Haiming & Xu, Gang & Zhang, Runzhi & Zhang, Wentao, 2025. "Flexible design and operation of off-grid green ammonia systems with gravity energy storage under long-term renewable power uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 388(C).
    9. Lin, Liangguang & Li, Xiaoyi & Ou, Kai & Xing, Jianwu & Wang, Ya-Xiong, 2025. "Mixed integer linear programming-based optimal capacity configuration of ALK/PEM mixed water electrolysis system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    10. Yang, Wenlong & Li, Yihang & Hu, Hongming & Huang, Yunhui & Zhu, Wenchao & Yang, Yang & Xie, Changjun & You, Li & Xiong, Liangli, 2025. "A decentralized dynamic power sharing strategy for renewable hybrid hydrogen electrolyzer systems without communication networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    11. Marie Arnold & Jonathan Brandt & Geert Tjarks & Anna Vanselow & Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach, 2025. "Cost-optimized replacement strategies for water electrolysis systems affected by degradation," Papers 2508.16370, arXiv.org.
    12. Hu, Haowen & Chen, Fengxiang & Xu, Yejing & Ye, Huan & Hou, Zhipeng & Zhang, Bo & Chen, Xiuxiang, 2025. "Triple-level cost-effective sizing optimization for solar-powered hybrid hydrogen system with PEM and alkaline electrolyzers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    13. Lv, Yanlong & Wang, Yuhao & Liu, Feng & Sui, Jun, 2025. "Decarbonizing power generation through Iron-based fuel cycles: A thermodynamic and thermo-economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PB).
    14. Vargas-Ferrer, Pedro & Sauma, Enzo & Jalil-Vega, Francisca, 2026. "Incorporating intra-hour renewable variability into the design of stand-alone electrolytic hydrogen production systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 404(C).

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