IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v336y2025ics0360544225040599.html

A decentralized dynamic power sharing strategy for renewable hybrid hydrogen electrolyzer systems without communication networks

Author

Listed:
  • Yang, Wenlong
  • Li, Yihang
  • Hu, Hongming
  • Huang, Yunhui
  • Zhu, Wenchao
  • Yang, Yang
  • Xie, Changjun
  • You, Li
  • Xiong, Liangli

Abstract

The utilization of renewable energy for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen has emerged as an increasingly intriguing avenue due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, challenges arise from the variability of 100 % renewable energy, which affects hydrogen output, the lifespan of electrolyzers, and system reliability. This paper proposes an improved decentralized energy management strategy, applied to a hybrid electrolyzer system integrated with alkaline electrolyzers (ALKELs), proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMELs), and energy storage devices. The proposed strategy facilitates dynamic power sharing, power modulation of the electrolyzers, bus voltage regulation, and state of charge adjustment of the batteries without reliance on a communication network. Specifically, ALKELs, PEMELs, and batteries are designated to absorb the low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency components of renewable energy power, respectively, ensuring that the power supplied to ALKELs and PEMELs remains at or above the minimum recommended operational power throughout the process. Compared to systems without the proposed strategy, the implementation results in a 10.26 % increase in total hydrogen production. By fully accounting for the dynamic characteristics of each system component, the strategy ensures high levels of autonomy and operational stability. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been validated through hardware-in-the-loop simulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Wenlong & Li, Yihang & Hu, Hongming & Huang, Yunhui & Zhu, Wenchao & Yang, Yang & Xie, Changjun & You, Li & Xiong, Liangli, 2025. "A decentralized dynamic power sharing strategy for renewable hybrid hydrogen electrolyzer systems without communication networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:336:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225040599
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138417
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225040599
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.138417?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Du, Banghua & Li, Yongkang & Li, Yang & Xie, Changjun & Wang, Xinming & Zhu, Wenchao & Yang, Yang & You, Li & Zhang, Leiqi & Zhao, Bo, 2025. "Modeling of PEMEL hydrogen production systems: Comprehensive multivariate sensitivity analysis considering mass-energy dynamic equilibrium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PC).
    2. Wang, Jing & Kang, Lixia & Liu, Yongzhong, 2024. "Optimal design of a renewable hydrogen production system by coordinating multiple PV arrays and multiple electrolyzers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    3. Badji, Abderrezak & Obeid, Hussein & Hilairet, Mickael & Laghrouche, Salah & Abdeslam, Djaffar Ould & Djerdir, Abdesslem, 2025. "Enhanced energy management of fuel cell electric vehicles using integral sliding mode control and passivity-based control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PD).
    4. Detchusananard, Thanaphorn & Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan & Im-orb, Karittha, 2024. "Techno-economic performance analysis of biomass-to-methanol with solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable bio-methanol production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    5. Kariuki, Boniface Wainaina & Emam, Mohamed & Ookawara, Shinichi & Hassan, Hamdy, 2024. "New hybrid system of PV/T, solar collectors, PEM electrolyzer, and HDH for hydrogen and freshwater production: Seasonal performance investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    6. Xu, Guanxin & Wu, Yan & Tang, Shuo & Wang, Yufei & Yu, Xinhai & Ma, Mingyan, 2024. "Optimal design of hydrogen production processing coupling alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    7. Laimon, M. & Yusaf, T., 2024. "Towards energy freedom: Exploring sustainable solutions for energy independence and self-sufficiency using integrated renewable energy-driven hydrogen system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    8. Yu, Binbin & Fan, Guangyao & Sun, Kai & Chen, Jing & Sun, Bo & Tian, Peigen, 2024. "Adaptive energy optimization strategy of island renewable power-to-hydrogen system with hybrid electrolyzers structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    9. Mohammadi, Amin & Mehrpooya, Mehdi, 2018. "A comprehensive review on coupling different types of electrolyzer to renewable energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 632-655.
    10. Zaiter, Issa & Ramadan, Mohamad & Bouabid, Ali & El-Fadel, Mutasem & Mezher, Toufic, 2023. "Potential utilization of hydrogen in the UAE's industrial sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    11. Cheng, Haoran & Xia, Yanghong & Hu, Zhiyuan & Wei, Wei, 2024. "Optimum pulse electrolysis for efficiency enhancement of hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolyzers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    12. Zhang, Qinjin & Xie, Di & Zeng, Yuji & Liu, Yancheng & Yu, Heyang & Liu, Siyuan, 2024. "Optimizing wind-solar hydrogen production through collaborative strategy with ALK/PEM multi-electrolyzer arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    13. Yue, Meiling & Lambert, Hugo & Pahon, Elodie & Roche, Robin & Jemei, Samir & Hissel, Daniel, 2021. "Hydrogen energy systems: A critical review of technologies, applications, trends and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    14. Sheng, Chuang & Guo, Ziang & Lei, Jingzhi & Zhang, Shuyu & Zhang, Wenxuan & Chen, Weiming & Jiang, Xuefeng & Wang, Zhuo & Li, Xi, 2024. "Optimal energy management strategies for hybrid power systems considering Pt degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    15. Zheng, Linfeng & Zhu, Jianguo & Lu, Dylan Dah-Chuan & Wang, Guoxiu & He, Tingting, 2018. "Incremental capacity analysis and differential voltage analysis based state of charge and capacity estimation for lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 759-769.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Wenlong & Hu, Yafeng & Guo, Bingxin & Zhu, Wenchao & Xie, Changjun & You, Li & Xiong, Liangli & Zhang, Leiqi, 2025. "Adaptive operation strategy for wind-hydrogen systems integrating alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    2. Lin, Liangguang & Li, Xiaoyi & Ou, Kai & Xing, Jianwu & Wang, Ya-Xiong, 2025. "Mixed integer linear programming-based optimal capacity configuration of ALK/PEM mixed water electrolysis system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    3. Zhang, Rui & Yang, Bo & Wang, Jiarong & Zhang, Zijian & Shu, Hongchun & Jiang, Lin & Sang, Yiyan & Li, Hongbiao & Gao, Dengke & Chen, Yixuan, 2025. "Techno-economic-environmental design and assessment of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers for optimal off-grid wind power hydrogen production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    4. Vargas-Ferrer, Pedro & Sauma, Enzo & Jalil-Vega, Francisca, 2026. "Incorporating intra-hour renewable variability into the design of stand-alone electrolytic hydrogen production systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 404(C).
    5. Li, Bin & Wu, Zhangxi & Li, Ye & He, Jiawei & Wang, Bowen & Jiao, Kui & Hu, Xinhang & Fan, Hui & Wu, Jianzhong, 2025. "Thermal-water-electrical coupling modeling of PEMFC and its dynamic performance analysis under different operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 398(C).
    6. Oloore, Luqman E. & Adeoye, Abiodun E. & Alotaibi, Moteb & Alansi, Amani M. & Qasem, Naef A.A. & Qahtan, Talal F., 2026. "From theory to practice: Evolving methods and challenges in green hydrogen production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PB).
    7. Lu, Yongxin & Yang, Guotian & Liu, Jianguo & Li, Xinli & Xu, Wei, 2025. "Stability framework for off-grid hydrogen production systems: Coordinated control of steady-state source-load balancing and transient frequency response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
    8. Lu, Tianguang & Yi, Xinning & Li, Jing & Wu, Shaocong, 2025. "Collaborative planning of integrated hydrogen energy chain multi-energy systems: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 393(C).
    9. Tang, Yuzhen & Zheng, Zhuoqun & Min, Fanqi & Xie, Jingying & Yang, Hengzhao, 2025. "An optimization framework for component sizing and energy management of hybrid electrolyzer systems considering physical characteristics of alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    10. Roberta Caponi & Domenico Vizza & Claudia Bassano & Luca Del Zotto & Enrico Bocci, 2025. "Dynamic Comparative Assessment of Long-Term Simulation Strategies for an Off-Grid PV–AEM Electrolyzer System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-18, August.
    11. De Masi, Rosa Francesca & Festa, Valentino & Penchini, Daniele & Ruggiero, Silvia & Tariello, Francesco & Vanoli, Giuseppe Peter & Zinno, Alberto, 2024. "State of art of hydrogen utilization for building sector and set-up with preliminary experimental results of 1 kWel solid oxide fuel cell installed in a nearly zero energy house," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    12. Kourougianni, Fanourios & Arsalis, Alexandros & Olympios, Andreas V. & Yiasoumas, Georgios & Konstantinou, Charalampos & Papanastasiou, Panos & Georghiou, George E., 2024. "A comprehensive review of green hydrogen energy systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    13. Xu, Guanxin & Wu, Yan & Tang, Shuo & Wang, Yufei & Yu, Xinhai & Ma, Mingyan, 2024. "Optimal design of hydrogen production processing coupling alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    14. Hu, Haowen & Chen, Fengxiang & Xu, Yejing & Ye, Huan & Hou, Zhipeng & Zhang, Bo & Chen, Xiuxiang, 2025. "Triple-level cost-effective sizing optimization for solar-powered hybrid hydrogen system with PEM and alkaline electrolyzers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    15. Shahbazbegian, Vahid & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Laaksonen, Hannu & Strbac, Goran & Ameli, Hossein, 2023. "Resilience-oriented operation of microgrids in the presence of power-to-hydrogen systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    16. Tipán-Salazar, Lizbeth & Naval, Natalia & Yusta, Jose M., 2025. "An optimal dispatch model of renewable generation and pumped hydro energy storage for green hydrogen production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    17. Zaiter, Issa & Ramadan, Mohamad & Bouabid, Ali & Mayyas, Ahmad & El-Fadel, Mutasem & Mezher, Toufic, 2024. "Enabling industrial decarbonization: Framework for hydrogen integration in the industrial energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    18. Chen, Zhidong & Zhan, Hongwei & Chen, Lei & Wang, Weijia & Kong, Yanqiang & Yang, Lijun & Du, Xiaoze & Zhang, Guoqiang, 2025. "Novel gas turbine combined cycle inlet air cooling systems integrating proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, LiBr absorption chiller, and solar energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    19. Zhang, Qinjin & Xie, Di & Zeng, Yuji & Liu, Yancheng & Yu, Heyang & Liu, Siyuan, 2024. "Optimizing wind-solar hydrogen production through collaborative strategy with ALK/PEM multi-electrolyzer arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    20. Wu, Zhangxi & Li, Ye & Li, Bin & He, Jiawei & Fan, Hui & Wang, Haiyang & Hu, Xinhang & Zhang, Shouhang, 2025. "A coordinated configuration scheme for hydrogen-electric energy storage based on transient response characteristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:336:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225040599. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.