IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v227y2024ics0960148124006001.html

Machine learning, mathematical modeling and 4E (energy, exergy, environmental, and economic) analysis of an indirect solar dryer for drying sweet potato

Author

Listed:
  • Abdelkader, Tarek Kh.
  • Sayed, Hassan A.A.
  • Refai, Mohamed
  • Ali, Mahmoud M.
  • Zhang, Yanlin
  • Wan, Q.
  • Khalifa, Ibrahim
  • Fan, Qizhou
  • Wang, Yunfeng
  • Abdelhamid, Mahmoud A.

Abstract

A developed indirect solar dryer is built and operated to dry sweet potato cubes. Since, numerous instruments have gathered experimental data to comprehensively evaluate the system's energy, exergy, environmental, and economical aspects. Additionally, four machine learning algorithms, namely Decision Trees (DT), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Random Forest (RF), are evolved to forecast the solar collector's energy (RSAH,η) and exergy efficiency (RSAH,ηEX) as well as the drying chamber's mean drying temperature and exergy efficiency (DC,ηEx). In addition, ten drying kinetics mathematical models were employed to fit with sweet potato moisture ratio variation over the experiment. Also, Color and bioactive compounds were analyzed. Results show that, RSAH,η and RSAH,ηEX was 72.9 %, and 5.6 %, respectively. Storage unit thermal (ηTh.,SUPCM)and exergy efficiency (ηEx,SUPCM) were 43.4 %, and 18.4 %, respectively, the discharging lasted around 5.5 h. Theoretical drying chamber thermal efficiency (DC,ηth) was from 21.9 to 97.2 %. And av. DC,ηEx was 46.1 %. RF algorithm achieved the best results for RSAH,η, RSAH,ηEX , DC,Tmean, and DC,ηEx forecasting, because of its superior adaptability and generalization. The overall dryer efficiency was 15 % with a specific energy consumption of 4.509 kWh/kg moisture. The Page model showed the best fitting with sweet potato moisture ratio data. In addition, CO2 mitigation reached 20.2 with earned carbon credit is 56771 RMB. The economic payback period is 29.24 months, the annual total revenue is 8464 RMB and 0.7 RMB as a Return on investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdelkader, Tarek Kh. & Sayed, Hassan A.A. & Refai, Mohamed & Ali, Mahmoud M. & Zhang, Yanlin & Wan, Q. & Khalifa, Ibrahim & Fan, Qizhou & Wang, Yunfeng & Abdelhamid, Mahmoud A., 2024. "Machine learning, mathematical modeling and 4E (energy, exergy, environmental, and economic) analysis of an indirect solar dryer for drying sweet potato," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:227:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124006001
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120535
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124006001
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120535?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Mobli, Hossein & Rafiee, Shahin & Madadlou, Ashkan, 2013. "A review on exergy analysis of drying processes and systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 1-22.
    2. Alta, Deniz & Bilgili, Emin & Ertekin, C. & Yaldiz, Osman, 2010. "Experimental investigation of three different solar air heaters: Energy and exergy analyses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(10), pages 2953-2973, October.
    3. Gupta, Ankur & Das, Biplab & Biswas, Agnimitra & Mondol, Jayanta Deb, 2022. "Sustainability and 4E analysis of novel solar photovoltaic-thermal solar dryer under forced and natural convection drying," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1008-1021.
    4. Akpinar, Ebru Kavak & Koçyigit, Fatih, 2010. "Energy and exergy analysis of a new flat-plate solar air heater having different obstacles on absorber plates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 3438-3450, November.
    5. Bahrehmand, D. & Ameri, M. & Gholampour, M., 2015. "Energy and exergy analysis of different solar air collector systems with forced convection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1119-1130.
    6. Vijayan, S. & Arjunan, T.V. & Kumar, Anil, 2020. "Exergo-environmental analysis of an indirect forced convection solar dryer for drying bitter gourd slices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2210-2223.
    7. Atalay, Halil & Cankurtaran, Eda, 2021. "Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergo-environmental analyses of a large scale solar dryer with PCM energy storage medium," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    8. Rabha, D.K. & Muthukumar, P. & Somayaji, C., 2017. "Experimental investigation of thin layer drying kinetics of ghost chilli pepper (Capsicum Chinense Jacq.) dried in a forced convection solar tunnel dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 583-589.
    9. Erick César, López-Vidaña & Ana Lilia, César-Munguía & Octavio, García-Valladares & Orlando, Salgado Sandoval & Alfredo, Domínguez Niño, 2021. "Energy and exergy analyses of a mixed-mode solar dryer of pear slices (Pyrus communis L)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    10. Bahrehmand, D. & Ameri, M., 2015. "Energy and exergy analysis of different solar air collector systems with natural convection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 357-368.
    11. Tarek Kh. Abdelkader & Qizhou Fan & Eid S. Gaballah & Shaowei Wang & Yanlin Zhang, 2020. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Flat-Plate Solar Air Heater Artificially Roughened and Coated with a Novel Solar Selective Coating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ajithkumar, Arumugam & GaneshKumar, Poongavanam, 2025. "Recent advancements in solar drying: Role of absorber plate geometry, PCM thermal enhancement, and encapsulation for improved energy storage and drying efficiency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    2. Wengang, Hao & Xiyu, Wang & Xue, Rurui & Ping, Gong & Wang, Baoyue & Jiajie, Ma, 2025. "Machine learning prediction and 4E analysis of PV/T coupled with glass drying chamber system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    3. Das, Biraj & Singh, Pushpendra & Kalita, Pankaj, 2025. "Sustainable drying of Baccaurea ramiflora using a mixed-mode solar dryer with thermal energy Storage: A comprehensive 4E analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    4. Shrivastava, Vipin & Singh, Pushpendra & Shrivastava, Nitin, 2026. "A decade of progress in indirect solar drying: A review of systems for fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs (2015–2025)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PC).
    5. Kumar, Ashish & Biswas, Shatarupa & Kumar, Rakesh & Mandal, Amitava, 2025. "Experimental appraisal & dual efficiency optimization of a modified indirect solar dryer: Heat & mass transfer analysis with a hybrid ANN approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    6. Zou, Dongjin & Chen, Xiao & Gu, Zhipan & Jiang, Qingyang & Chen, Hongyao & Zhao, Lianjin & Hou, Jingxin & Ji, Wentao & Luo, Zhen & Zhu, Lexin, 2025. "Modeling and comparative analysis of solar drying behavior of yam (Rhizoma dioscoreae) slices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    7. Guan, Xiaokang & Wang, Yunfeng & Li, Ming & Li, Aimin & Zhou, Xiaoyan & Yang, Jie & Liang, Zhongwei, 2025. "Research on the performance of heat pump drying system with rock thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    8. Ma, Di & Chen, Qi & Yan, Gang, 2024. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a solar-assisted ejector-enhanced flash tank vapor injection heat pump cycle with dual evaporators," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kalaiarasi, G. & Velraj, R. & Swami, Muthusamy V., 2016. "Experimental energy and exergy analysis of a flat plate solar air heater with a new design of integrated sensible heat storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 609-619.
    2. Ural, Tolga, 2019. "Experimental performance assessment of a new flat-plate solar air collector having textile fabric as absorber using energy and exergy analyses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    3. Rabha, D.K. & Muthukumar, P. & Somayaji, C., 2017. "Energy and exergy analyses of the solar drying processes of ghost chilli pepper and ginger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 764-773.
    4. Ajithkumar, Arumugam & GaneshKumar, Poongavanam, 2025. "Recent advancements in solar drying: Role of absorber plate geometry, PCM thermal enhancement, and encapsulation for improved energy storage and drying efficiency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    5. Das, Biraj & Singh, Pushpendra & Kalita, Pankaj, 2025. "Sustainable drying of Baccaurea ramiflora using a mixed-mode solar dryer with thermal energy Storage: A comprehensive 4E analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    6. Amirtharajan, Saranya & Loganathan, Karthikeyan & Mahalingam, Arulprakasajothi & Premkumar, Mani & Nadesan, Poyyamozhi, 2024. "Optimization of thermal photovoltaic hybrid solar dryer for drying peanuts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    7. Tarek Kh. Abdelkader & Qizhou Fan & Eid S. Gaballah & Shaowei Wang & Yanlin Zhang, 2020. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Flat-Plate Solar Air Heater Artificially Roughened and Coated with a Novel Solar Selective Coating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    8. Baibhaw Kumar & Gábor Szepesi & Zoltán Szamosi & Gyula Krámer, 2023. "Analysis of a Combined Solar Drying System for Wood-Chips, Sawdust, and Pellets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, January.
    9. Arabhosseini, Akbar & Samimi-Akhijahani, Hadi & Motahayyer, Mehrnosh, 2019. "Increasing the energy and exergy efficiencies of a collector using porous and recycling system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 308-325.
    10. Daliran, Ali & Taki, Morteza & Marzban, Afshin & Rahnama, Majid & Farhadi, Rouhollah, 2025. "Performance evaluation of greenhouse solar dryer: Energy-exergy analysis, CFD simulation and eco-environmental assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    11. Masud, Mahadi Hasan & Himel, Md. Hasibul Hasan & Ahmed, Mim Mashrur & Chowdhury, Sami Ahbab & Dabnichki, Peter, 2024. "Energy, exergy, exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analysis of waste heat-based convective dryer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    12. Debnath, Suman & Das, Biplab & Randive, P.R. & Pandey, K.M., 2018. "Performance analysis of solar air collector in the climatic condition of North Eastern India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 281-298.
    13. Ali Hassan & Ali M. Nikbakht & Sabrina Fawzia & Prasad Yarlagadda & Azharul Karim, 2024. "A Comprehensive Review of the Thermohydraulic Improvement Potentials in Solar Air Heaters through an Energy and Exergy Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-43, March.
    14. Park, S.R. & Pandey, A.K. & Tyagi, V.V. & Tyagi, S.K., 2014. "Energy and exergy analysis of typical renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 105-123.
    15. Yu Wang & Mikael Boulic & Robyn Phipps & Manfred Plagmann & Chris Cunningham, 2020. "Experimental Performance of a Solar Air Collector with a Perforated Back Plate in New Zealand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, March.
    16. Unar, Sadaf Gul & Khatri, Shoaib Ahmed & Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain & Shaikh, Pervez Hameed & Zaidi, Syed Abdul Rafay Ahmed & Arain, Muhammad Faraz, 2026. "Solar drying technologies: A review of design, efficiency, and environmental impacts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PC).
    17. Kumar, P. Manoj & Mylsamy, K., 2020. "A comprehensive study on thermal storage characteristics of nano-CeO2 embedded phase change material and its influence on the performance of evacuated tube solar water heater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 662-676.
    18. Kalogirou, Soteris A. & Karellas, Sotirios & Badescu, Viorel & Braimakis, Konstantinos, 2016. "Exergy analysis on solar thermal systems: A better understanding of their sustainability," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1328-1333.
    19. Kareem, M.W. & Habib, Khairul & Ruslan, M.H. & Saha, Bidyut Baran, 2017. "Thermal performance study of a multi-pass solar air heating collector system for drying of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 281-292.
    20. Zheng, Jiayi & Wang, Jing & Chen, Taotao & Yu, Yanshun, 2020. "Solidification performance of heat exchanger with tree-shaped fins," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 1098-1107.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:227:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124006001. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.