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Empirical evaluation of demand side response trials in UK dwellings with smart low carbon technologies

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  • Gupta, Rajat
  • Morey, Johanna

Abstract

Low carbon technologies along with smart control have a role in residential demand side response (DSR) to shift the timing of household energy consumption away from peak times and align it with generation of renewable electricity. This paper empirically evaluates the impact of DSR trials on grid electricity import and resident experience regarding disruption to daily routines, thermal comfort and noise disturbance in 17 thermally efficient social housing dwellings (Barnsley, England). Four types of DSR trials were run through 22 interventions performed in March to April 2021. Each dwelling was equipped with a 5 kWh electro-chemical battery and air source heat pump, and all but one dwelling had solar photovoltaic (PV) panels (1.3–3.0 kWp). Interventions were applied against a flat (single) rate tariff as well as dynamic time-of-use tariffs. On average, secure turn-down interventions between 5 and 7 p.m. resulted in a reduction in grid electricity import of 1.2 kWh per household and a reduction in controllable load (heat pump plus battery energy) of 3.7 kWh per household. The batteries enabled 2.5 kWh per household of electricity to be exported to the grid for these interventions. On average, turn-up interventions between 1 and 3 p.m. resulted in an increase of 2.3 kWh per household in grid electricity import. Individual dwellings showed different levels of demand response depending on the levels and patterns of household electricity consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Gupta, Rajat & Morey, Johanna, 2022. "Empirical evaluation of demand side response trials in UK dwellings with smart low carbon technologies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 993-1004.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:199:y:2022:i:c:p:993-1004
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.09.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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