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Holistic marine energy resource assessments: A wave and offshore wind perspective of metocean conditions

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  • Robertson, Bryson
  • Dunkle, Gabrielle
  • Gadasi, Jonah
  • Garcia-Medina, Gabriel
  • Yang, Zhaoqing

Abstract

Offshore wind and wave energy resources are possibly the last significantly untapped renewable energy resource, and could play a significant role in mitigating the impacts of climate change via the generation of renewable electricity. While often considered independently, there are significant technical advantages to co-deployment of wave and offshore wind technologies, and will be future competition for limited marine real estate, so there is a distinct need to development holistic assessments of these offshore resources. Currently, offshore wind and wave energy resource assessments have been conducted as independent parallel processes, with little interaction with regard to best practices, lessons learnt, or opportunities to create compatible methodologies for future utilization by the broader marine energy sector. Based on the latest technical specifications from the International Electrotechnical Commission, and the highest fidelity publicly available datasets, the offshore wind and wave conditions at the PacWave site off Oregon, USA were quantified. At the 70m depth site, the results clearly show a significant untapped energy resource an annual average wave energy flux of ∼35 kW/m and a mean average wind speed of 7.8 m/s; suitable for significant offshore wind (fixed and floating) and wave energy technology deployment The offshore wind and wave energy resources both show significant seasonal variation, with offshore wind also featuring a consistent daily profile during summer. Finally, opportunities and challenges associated with developing a holistic assessment of offshore marine energy resources were discussed and recommendations provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Robertson, Bryson & Dunkle, Gabrielle & Gadasi, Jonah & Garcia-Medina, Gabriel & Yang, Zhaoqing, 2021. "Holistic marine energy resource assessments: A wave and offshore wind perspective of metocean conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 286-301.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:170:y:2021:i:c:p:286-301
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.136
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Arciuolo, Thomas F. & Faezipour, Miad, 2022. "Yellowstone Caldera Volcanic Power Generation Facility: A new engineering approach for harvesting emission-free green volcanic energy on a national scale," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 415-425.
    2. Meng Shao & Shulei Zhang & Jinwei Sun & Zhixin Han & Zhuxiao Shao & Chuanxiu Yi, 2022. "GIS-MCDM-Based Approach to Site Selection of Wave Power Plants for Islands in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-24, June.
    3. Sheng Gao & Huihui Sun & Jinfu Liu & Wei Liu, 2022. "Comprehensive audit evaluation and driving force analysis of various types of marine resources development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4371-4386, March.
    4. Mahsa Dehghan Manshadi & Milad Mousavi & M. Soltani & Amir Mosavi & Levente Kovacs, 2022. "Deep Learning for Modeling an Offshore Hybrid Wind–Wave Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Chen, Ming & Vivekanandan, Rakesh & Rusch, Curtis J. & Okushemiya, David & Manalang, Dana & Robertson, Bryson & Hollinger, Geoffrey A., 2024. "A unified simulation framework for wave energy powered underwater vehicle docking and charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    6. Harding, Jennifer L. & Preston, Leiph A. & Johnson, Erick & Roberts, Jesse D. & Jones, Craig A. & Raghukumar, Kaus & Hafla, Erin, 2023. "Modeling the acoustic noise from a wave energy converter farm and its impact on marine mammals at the PacWave South site, offshore Newport Oregon," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 677-688.
    7. Akdemir, Kerem Ziya & Robertson, Bryson & Oikonomou, Konstantinos & Kern, Jordan & Voisin, Nathalie & Hanif, Sarmad & Bhattacharya, Saptarshi, 2023. "Opportunities for wave energy in bulk power system operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    8. Wan, Ling & Moan, Torgeir & Gao, Zhen & Shi, Wei, 2024. "A review on the technical development of combined wind and wave energy conversion systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    9. Wen, Yi & Kamranzad, Bahareh & Lin, Pengzhi, 2022. "Joint exploitation potential of offshore wind and wave energy along the south and southeast coasts of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    10. Shafiqur Rehman & Kashif Irshad & Nasiru I. Ibrahim & Ali AlShaikhi & Mohamed A. Mohandes, 2023. "Offshore Wind Power Resource Assessment in the Gulf of North Suez," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-22, October.
    11. Lira-Loarca, Andrea & Ferrari, Francesco & Mazzino, Andrea & Besio, Giovanni, 2021. "Future wind and wave energy resources and exploitability in the Mediterranean Sea by 2100," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).

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