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Biodiesel production from microalgae by direct transesterification using green solvents

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  • de Jesus, Sérgio S.
  • Ferreira, Gabriela F.
  • Moreira, Larissa S.
  • Filho, Rubens Maciel

Abstract

This study evaluated the production of biodiesel from the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa by direct transesterification using 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or cyclopentyl methyl ether co-solvents as an alternative to chloroform. Acid-catalyzed transesterification using hydrochloric acid was developed for biodiesel production. Biodiesel was purified by column chromatography using one of the two green solvents as eluents. The highly ecological biodiesel quality was compared to the biodiesel produced using chloroform as co-solvent. A 33 factorial design was conducted to optimize the production of fatty acid methyl esters, being the independent variables investigated: solvent and catalyst volume, solvent and catalyst ratio (methanol:co-solvent:hydrochloric acid), and temperature, with a reaction time of 150 min. Biodiesel production was mainly influenced by temperature increase. The achieved yields using cyclopentyl methyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and chloroform were 71–92%, 67–91%, and 61–76%, respectively. The fatty acid methyl esters profile of biodiesel produced with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and cyclopentyl methyl ether consisted of approximately 45% polyunsaturated components. The biodiesel obtained was within the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The replacement of fossil solvents used in direct transesterification of biomass with a green solvent resulted in a further ecological biodiesel production process towards a circular bioeconomy.

Suggested Citation

  • de Jesus, Sérgio S. & Ferreira, Gabriela F. & Moreira, Larissa S. & Filho, Rubens Maciel, 2020. "Biodiesel production from microalgae by direct transesterification using green solvents," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1283-1294.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:160:y:2020:i:c:p:1283-1294
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.056
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Karimian, A. & Pourhoseini, S.H. & Nozari, A., 2023. "Persica Akhani Salicornia as novel biodiesel feedstock production for economic prosperity in salty and water scarcity areas: Optimized oil extraction process and transesterification reaction using new," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 361-369.
    6. Krystian Butlewski, 2022. "Concept for Biomass and Organic Waste Refinery Plants Based on the Locally Available Organic Materials in Rural Areas of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Elena Ghedini & Somayeh Taghavi & Federica Menegazzo & Michela Signoretto, 2021. "A Review on the Efficient Catalysts for Algae Transesterification to Biodiesel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Chen, Naiwen & Xu, Chaoqun & Guo, Xiaoyuan & Shim, Hojae, 2022. "Effects of sodium and magnesium supplement on lipid production and wastewater treatment by Rhodosporidium toruloides," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 919-928.
    9. de Jesus, Sérgio S. & Filho, Rubens Maciel, 2020. "Recent advances in lipid extraction using green solvents," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    10. Karmakar, Bisheswar & Pal, Sucharita & Gopikrishna, Konga & Tiwari, Onkar Nath & Halder, Gopinath, 2022. "Injection of superheated C1 and C3 alcohols in non-edible Pongamia pinnata oil for semi-continuous uncatalyzed biodiesel synthesis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 850-861.
    11. G. Venkatesh, 2022. "Circular Bio-economy—Paradigm for the Future: Systematic Review of Scientific Journal Publications from 2015 to 2021," Circular Economy and Sustainability,, Springer.

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