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Wood surface treatment techniques for enhanced solar steam generation

Author

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  • Ghafurian, Mohammad Mustafa
  • Niazmand, Hamid
  • Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, Ehsan
  • Taylor, Robert A.

Abstract

Water vapor is vital both as an energy carrier and as an intermediary state for removing impurities from water. In nature, transpiration occurs when water is transported (against gravity) from the roots to the underside of leaves where it evaporates. Using this process, one large tree can pump and purify 400 L of water each day. Based on trunk cross-sectional area, this corresponds to a water flux range of ∼100–1000 kg/m2day, but based on evaporation area it only corresponds to a rate of ∼0.1 kg/m2day. Compared to industrial mechanisms of producing water vapor (i.e. typical thermal-driven systems have a flux of ∼4000 kg/m2day), natural wood has a relatively low flux. In an effort to boost the flux of sustainable, natural wood, we investigated wood surface modifications, laser carbonization and deposition of gold nanolayers, which achieved an instantaneous evaporation rate of ∼4 kg/m2h—under 3 kW/m2 light intensity, exceeding all previous studies of synthetic materials (including 3.8 kg/m2h reported by Zhou et al. in a 2016 Nature Photonics article) for solar steam generation applications. The cost analysis of different natural and synthetic material-based techniques for solar steam generation indicated that the carbonization and laser treatments are very cost-effective and even the gold coating was comparable to previously reported synthetic materials. Based on these results, we suggest that natural, surface-modified poplar wood could represent a viable alternative to synthetic materials for liquid/vapor separation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghafurian, Mohammad Mustafa & Niazmand, Hamid & Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, Ehsan & Taylor, Robert A., 2020. "Wood surface treatment techniques for enhanced solar steam generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2308-2315.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:2308-2315
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.036
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amjad, Muhammad & Raza, Ghulam & Xin, Yan & Pervaiz, Shahid & Xu, Jinliang & Du, Xiaoze & Wen, Dongsheng, 2017. "Volumetric solar heating and steam generation via gold nanofluids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 393-400.
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    1. Guo, Chenglong & Zhao, Jiaxu & Zhang, Wenting & Miao, Endong & Xie, Yuhang, 2020. "Constructing 3D optical absorption holes by stacking macroporous membrane for highly efficient solar steam generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 944-953.
    2. Ghafurian, Mohammad Mustafa & Malmir, Mohammad Reza & Akbari, Zohreh & Vafaei, Mohammad & Niazmand, Hamid & Goharshadi, Elaheh K. & Ebrahimi, Atefe & Mahian, Omid, 2022. "Interfacial solar steam generation by sawdust coated with W doped VO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    3. Zhang, Wei & Zheng, Tuo & Zhu, Haiguang & Wu, Daxiong & Zhang, Canying & Zhu, Haitao, 2022. "Insight into the role of the channel in photothermal materials for solar interfacial water evaporation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 706-714.
    4. Su, Jinbu & Zhang, Pengkui & Yang, Rui & Wang, Boli & Zhao, Heng & Wang, Weike & Wang, Chengbing, 2022. "MXene-based flexible and washable photothermal fabrics for efficiently continuous solar-driven evaporation and desalination of seawater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 407-415.
    5. Arunkumar, T. & Lim, Hyeong Woo & Denkenberger, David & Lee, Sang Joon, 2022. "A review on carbonized natural green flora for solar desalination," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

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