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Three-dimensionality of the wake recovery behind a vertical axis turbine

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  • Ouro, Pablo
  • Runge, Stefan
  • Luo, Qianyu
  • Stoesser, Thorsten

Abstract

The wake recovery downstream of a vertical axis turbine operating in a turbulent channel flow is investigated via detailed velocity measurements using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. Three distinct wake regions are identified: (i) a near-wake region which extends until two rotor diameters (2D) downstream and characterised by a low-momentum area isolated from the ambient flow and the presence of energetic dynamic stall vortices; (ii) a transition region (2D-5D), characterised by a fast momentum recovery, high levels of turbulence and vertical expansion of the wake; and (iii) a far-wake region beyond 5D where the velocity recovers to approximately 95% of the free-stream velocity. Albeit the wake deficit recovery is mostly accomplished at 5D behind the turbine, rotor-induced effects are still present beyond 10D as indicated by high-order flow statistics, such as high velocity fluctuations and flow skewness. The analysis of the streamwise momentum budget reveals that advection is the main mechanism for momentum replenishment through most of the wake and turbulent transport terms play only a minor role. This study evidences the anisotropic nature of the turbulence and asymmetry of the flow in horizontal, vertical and cross-sectional planes downstream of the vertical axis turbine.

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  • Ouro, Pablo & Runge, Stefan & Luo, Qianyu & Stoesser, Thorsten, 2019. "Three-dimensionality of the wake recovery behind a vertical axis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1066-1077.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:133:y:2019:i:c:p:1066-1077
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.111
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    3. Peter Bachant & Martin Wosnik, 2016. "Effects of Reynolds Number on the Energy Conversion and Near-Wake Dynamics of a High Solidity Vertical-Axis Cross-Flow Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-18, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Jinjin & Liu, Han & Lee, Jiyong & Zheng, Yuan & Guala, Michele & Shen, Lian, 2022. "Large-eddy simulation and Co-Design strategy for a drag-type vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine in open channel flows," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1305-1316.
    2. Villeneuve, Thierry & Boudreau, Matthieu & Dumas, Guy, 2021. "Assessing the performance and the wake recovery rate of flapping-foil turbines with end-plates and detached end-plates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 206-222.
    3. Runqiang Zhang & Zhenwei Huang & Lei Tan & Yuchuan Wang & Erqi Wang, 2020. "Energy Performance and Radial Force of Vertical Axis Darrieus Turbine for Ocean Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Lucy Massie & Pablo Ouro & Thorsten Stoesser & Qianyu Luo, 2019. "An Actuator Surface Model to Simulate Vertical Axis Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Jiyong Lee & Mirko Musa & Chris Feist & Jinjin Gao & Lian Shen & Michele Guala, 2019. "Wake Characteristics and Power Performance of a Drag-Driven in-Bank Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-20, September.
    6. Villeneuve, Thierry & Winckelmans, Grégoire & Dumas, Guy, 2021. "Increasing the efficiency of vertical-axis turbines through improved blade support structures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1386-1401.
    7. Yosry, Ahmed Gharib & Álvarez, Eduardo Álvarez & Valdés, Rodolfo Espina & Pandal, Adrián & Marigorta, Eduardo Blanco, 2023. "Experimental and multiphase modeling of small vertical-axis hydrokinetic turbine with free-surface variations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 788-801.
    8. Posa, Antonio, 2022. "Wake characterization of paired cross-flow turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 1064-1094.
    9. Honggu Yeo & Woochan Seok & Soyong Shin & Young Cheol Huh & Byung Chang Jung & Cheol-Soo Myung & Shin Hyung Rhee, 2019. "Computational Analysis of the Performance of a Vertical Axis Turbine in a Water Pipe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.
    10. Villeneuve, Thierry & Boudreau, Matthieu & Dumas, Guy, 2020. "Improving the efficiency and the wake recovery rate of vertical-axis turbines using detached end-plates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 31-45.
    11. Villeneuve, Thierry & Dumas, Guy, 2021. "Impact of some design considerations on the wake recovery of vertical-axis turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1419-1438.
    12. Manuel Viqueira-Moreira & Esteban Ferrer, 2020. "Insights into the Aeroacoustic Noise Generation for Vertical Axis Turbines in Close Proximity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-18, August.
    13. Mikaël Grondeau & Sylvain Guillou & Philippe Mercier & Emmanuel Poizot, 2019. "Wake of a Ducted Vertical Axis Tidal Turbine in Turbulent Flows, LBM Actuator-Line Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-23, November.
    14. Zheng Yuan & Jin Jiang & Jun Zang & Qihu Sheng & Ke Sun & Xuewei Zhang & Renwei Ji, 2020. "A Fast Two-Dimensional Numerical Method for the Wake Simulation of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, December.

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