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Towards optimal aerodynamic design of vertical axis wind turbines: Impact of solidity and number of blades

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  • Rezaeiha, Abdolrahim
  • Montazeri, Hamid
  • Blocken, Bert

Abstract

The current study systematically analyzes the impact of solidity (σ) and number of blades (n) on the aerodynamic performance of 2-, 3- and 4-bladed Darrieus H-type vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). Solidity varies within the wide range of 0.09–0.36. A large number of operational parameters, i.e., tip speed ratio (λ), Reynolds number (Re), turbulence intensity and reduced frequency (K) are investigated to provide a deeper insight into the impact of σ and n on the dynamic loads on blades, the turbine performance and the wake. High-fidelity unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations, extensively validated with experiments, are employed. The results show that the turbine optimal tip speed ratio (λopt) is invariant to a newly-introduced parameter ‘σλ3’, regardless of the turbine geometrical and operational characteristics. In addition, a new correlation is derived to estimate λopt as a function of σ, which can also be employed to predict the optimal σ for a turbine with a given λ. It is also found that: (i) for constant-speed urban VAWTs, which due to the low mean wind speed in the urban environment, frequently operate at moderate to high λ, a relatively-low σ is optimal; (ii) an optimal VAWT is a moderately-high-solidity variable-speed rotor maintaining a relatively-low λ, where due to the large blade chord length the resulting Re and K are favorably high; (iii) within the turbine optimal operational range, turbine power coefficient (CP) is almost independent of n. The present findings support the optimal aerodynamic design of small-to large-scale VAWTs.

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  • Rezaeiha, Abdolrahim & Montazeri, Hamid & Blocken, Bert, 2018. "Towards optimal aerodynamic design of vertical axis wind turbines: Impact of solidity and number of blades," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1129-1148.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:165:y:2018:i:pb:p:1129-1148
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.192
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    3. Mohanasundaram Anthony & Valsalal Prasad & Kannadasan Raju & Mohammed H. Alsharif & Zong Woo Geem & Junhee Hong, 2020. "Design of Rotor Blades for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Wind Flow Modifier for Low Wind Profile Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-26, September.
    4. Tong, Guoqiang & Li, Yan & Tagawa, Kotaro & Feng, Fang, 2023. "Effects of blade airfoil chord length and rotor diameter on aerodynamic performance of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines by numerical simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    5. Peng, H.Y. & Han, Z.D. & Liu, H.J. & Lin, K. & Lam, H.F., 2020. "Assessment and optimization of the power performance of twin vertical axis wind turbines via numerical simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 43-54.
    6. Alsailani, M. & Montazeri, H. & Rezaeiha, A., 2021. "Towards optimal aerodynamic design of wind catchers: Impact of geometrical characteristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1344-1363.
    7. Matteo Vedovelli & Abdelgalil Eltayesh & Francesco Natili & Francesco Castellani, 2022. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Blades Number on the Dynamic Response of a Small Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-19, December.
    8. Villeneuve, Thierry & Winckelmans, Grégoire & Dumas, Guy, 2021. "Increasing the efficiency of vertical-axis turbines through improved blade support structures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1386-1401.
    9. Hand, Brian & Kelly, Ger & Cashman, Andrew, 2021. "Aerodynamic design and performance parameters of a lift-type vertical axis wind turbine: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
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    12. Krzysztof Rogowski & Martin Otto Laver Hansen & Galih Bangga, 2020. "Performance Analysis of a H-Darrieus Wind Turbine for a Series of 4-Digit NACA Airfoils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-28, June.
    13. Ian D. Brownstein & Nathaniel J. Wei & John O. Dabiri, 2019. "Aerodynamically Interacting Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines: Performance Enhancement and Three-Dimensional Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-23, July.
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    17. Barnes, Andrew & Marshall-Cross, Daniel & Hughes, Ben Richard, 2021. "Towards a standard approach for future Vertical Axis Wind Turbine aerodynamics research and development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    18. Antonio García Auyanet & Rangga E. Santoso & Hrishikesh Mohan & Sanvay S. Rathore & Debapriya Chakraborty & Patrick G. Verdin, 2022. "CFD-Based J-Shaped Blade Design Improvement for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-16, November.
    19. Ni, Lulu & Miao, Weipao & Li, Chun & Liu, Qingsong, 2021. "Impacts of Gurney flap and solidity on the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines in array configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    20. Rezaeiha, Abdolrahim & Montazeri, Hamid & Blocken, Bert, 2019. "On the accuracy of turbulence models for CFD simulations of vertical axis wind turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 838-857.
    21. Acarer, Sercan & Uyulan, Çağlar & Karadeniz, Ziya Haktan, 2020. "Optimization of radial inflow wind turbines for urban wind energy harvesting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    22. Cheng, Biyi & Du, Jianjun & Yao, Yingxue, 2022. "Power prediction formula for blade design and optimization of Dual Darrieus Wind Turbines based on Taguchi Method and Genetic Expression Programming model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 583-605.

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