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Digital twin-assisted imbalanced fault diagnosis framework using subdomain adaptive mechanism and margin-aware regularization

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  • Yan, Shen
  • Zhong, Xiang
  • Shao, Haidong
  • Ming, Yuhang
  • Liu, Chao
  • Liu, Bin

Abstract

The current data-level and algorithm-level based imbalanced fault diagnosis methods have respective limitations such as uneven data generation quality and excessive reliance on minority class information. In response to these limitations, this study proposes a novel digital twin-assisted framework for imbalanced fault diagnosis. The framework begins by analyzing the nonlinear kinetic characteristics of the gearbox and establishing a dynamic simulation model assisted by digital twin technology to generate high-fidelity simulated fault data. Subsequently, a subdomain adaptive mechanism is employed to align the conditional distribution of the subdomains by minimizing the dissimilarity of fine-grained features between the simulated and real-world fault data. To improve the fault tolerance of the model's diagnosis, margin-aware regularization is designed by applying significant regularization penalties to the fault data margins. Experimental results from two gearboxes demonstrate that, compared to the recent data-level and algorithm-level based imbalanced fault diagnosis methods, the proposed framework holds distinct advantages under the influence of highly imbalanced data, offering a fresh perspective for addressing this challenging scenario. In addition, the effectiveness of subdomain adaptive mechanism and margin-aware regularization is verified through the ablation experiment.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan, Shen & Zhong, Xiang & Shao, Haidong & Ming, Yuhang & Liu, Chao & Liu, Bin, 2023. "Digital twin-assisted imbalanced fault diagnosis framework using subdomain adaptive mechanism and margin-aware regularization," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:239:y:2023:i:c:s0951832023004362
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2023.109522
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yan, Shen & Shao, Haidong & Min, Zhishan & Peng, Jiangji & Cai, Baoping & Liu, Bin, 2023. "FGDAE: A new machinery anomaly detection method towards complex operating conditions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    2. Wang, Hui & Zheng, Junkang & Xiang, Jiawei, 2023. "Online bearing fault diagnosis using numerical simulation models and machine learning classifications," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    3. Wang, Jinrui & Zhang, Zongzhen & Liu, Zhiliang & Han, Baokun & Bao, Huaiqian & Ji, Shanshan, 2023. "Digital twin aided adversarial transfer learning method for domain adaptation fault diagnosis," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Ding, Yifei & Jia, Minping & Zhuang, Jichao & Cao, Yudong & Zhao, Xiaoli & Lee, Chi-Guhn, 2023. "Deep imbalanced domain adaptation for transfer learning fault diagnosis of bearings under multiple working conditions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    5. Zhang, Yongchao & Ji, J.C. & Ren, Zhaohui & Ni, Qing & Gu, Fengshou & Feng, Ke & Yu, Kun & Ge, Jian & Lei, Zihao & Liu, Zheng, 2023. "Digital twin-driven partial domain adaptation network for intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
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    5. Zhao, Dezun & Cai, Wenbin & Cui, Lingli, 2025. "Multi-perception graph convolutional tree-embedded network for aero-engine bearing health monitoring with unbalanced data," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 257(PB).
    6. Guan, Wei & Wang, Shuai & Chen, Zeren & Wang, Guoqiang & Liu, Zhengbin & Cui, Da & Mao, Yiwei, 2025. "Domain generalization network based on inter-domain multivariate linearization for intelligent fault diagnosis," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    7. Li, Zhenning & Jiang, Hongkai & Wang, Xin, 2025. "A novel reinforcement learning agent for rotating machinery fault diagnosis with data augmentation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    8. Jia, Ning & Huang, Weiguo & Ding, Chuancang & Wang, Jun & Zhu, Zhongkui, 2025. "PC3Net: A prior-causal contrast-collaboration network for single domain generalization fault diagnosis," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 264(PB).
    9. Han, Yan & Hu, Ailin & Huang, Qingqing & Zhang, Yan & Lin, Zhichao & Ma, Jinghua, 2025. "Sinkhorn divergence-based contrast domain adaptation for remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearings under multiple operating conditions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    10. Guo, Yu & Li, Xiangyu & Zhang, Jundong & Cheng, Ziyi, 2025. "SDCGAN: A CycleGAN-based single-domain generalization method for mechanical fault diagnosis," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    11. Zhang, Qing & Li, Shaochen & Chin-Hon, Tan & Liu, Xiaofei & Shen, Jingyuan & Shi, Tielin & Xuan, Jianping, 2025. "Fault Impulse Inference and Cyclostationary Approximation: A feature-interpretable intelligent fault detection method for few-shot unsupervised domain adaptation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    12. Wu, Zhangjun & Xu, Renli & Luo, Yuansheng & Shao, Haidong, 2024. "A holistic semi-supervised method for imbalanced fault diagnosis of rotational machinery with out-of-distribution samples," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).

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