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Observable placement of phasor measurement units for defense against data integrity attacks in real time power markets

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  • Badrsimaei, Hamed
  • Hooshmand, Rahmat-Allah
  • Nobakhtian, Soghra

Abstract

Integrity data (DI) attacks are considered malicious cyber threats to the economic performance of power markets in current power systems. A cyber attacker could mislead the system operator by implementing a DI attack, through the deviation of measured information, and causes non-optimal power distribution and erroneous participation in the electricity market (EM). This paper proposes a placement scheme of phasor measurement units (PMUs) to defend against these attacks, so that network observability is guaranteed; the possibility of detecting DI attacks by the operator is increased; and the effect of electricity price fluctuations caused by these attacks is prevented. For this purpose, we introduce two possible indices to determine the degree of attack detectability and the magnitude of system congestion variation. Accordingly, the two-objective placement model of PMUs is upgraded, in which the minimum number of PMUs and their placement must be specified to improve the proposed indices so as to minimize the possibility of financial misconduct taking place in the real time market. Using IEEE standard systems, the effectiveness of this PMU placement-based defense scheme has been confirmed.

Suggested Citation

  • Badrsimaei, Hamed & Hooshmand, Rahmat-Allah & Nobakhtian, Soghra, 2023. "Observable placement of phasor measurement units for defense against data integrity attacks in real time power markets," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:230:y:2023:i:c:s0951832022005725
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2022.108957
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ding, Weiyong & Xu, Maochao & Huang, Yu & Zhao, Peng, 2020. "Cyber risks of PMU networks with observation errors: Assessment and mitigation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    2. Ding, Zhetong & Chen, Chunyu & Cui, Mingjian & Bi, Wenjun & Chen, Yang & Li, Fangxing, 2021. "Dynamic game-based defensive primary frequency control system considering intelligent attackers," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    3. Wu, Shimeng & Jiang, Yuchen & Luo, Hao & Zhang, Jiusi & Yin, Shen & Kaynak, Okyay, 2022. "An integrated data-driven scheme for the defense of typical cyber–physical attacks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    4. Ding, Weiyong & Xu, Maochao & Huang, Yu & Zhao, Peng & Song, Fengyi, 2021. "Cyber attacks on PMU placement in a smart grid: Characterization and optimization," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
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