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A Petri-net approach for firefighting force allocation analysis of fire emergency response with backups

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  • Zhou, Jianfeng
  • Reniers, Genserik
  • Cozzani, Valerio

Abstract

Fire is one of the main accident scenarios occurring in chemical and process plants, and it can lead to domino effects due to thermal radiation. Emergency response is necessary to prevent fire escalation, in addition to safety barriers. In major industrial fire accidents, backup is usually required in emergency response, due to the lack of emergency response capacity of a single emergency response department. A method addressing the optimal allocation of emergency response forces, specifically considering the front-line departments, is developed in the present study. The emergency response of the front-line departments can reduce the thermal radiation received by the equipment adjacent to the primary fire and thus prolong the time to failure of the equipment, such that the backups have more time to get to the fire scene. The allocation analysis of emergency response teams is carried out considering the dynamic ttf of an adjacent equipment item resulting from the change in time of the thermal radiation received. A timed colored hybrid Petri-net (TCHPN) approach is proposed to model the emergency response process. The probability of preventing fire escalation is obtained from the TCHPN model and the optimal allocation of firefighting forces is determined. A case study illustrates the proposed approach, two scenarios are compared and results show that if a request for backup can be issued immediately according to the fire state, fewer emergency forces can be deployed on the front line department, such as the reduction from 6 emergency response teams to 3 teams to maintain the success probability of 0.91. The influence of other factors such as the position of fire departments and the layout of tanks on the allocation of emergency forces is also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Jianfeng & Reniers, Genserik & Cozzani, Valerio, 2023. "A Petri-net approach for firefighting force allocation analysis of fire emergency response with backups," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:229:y:2023:i:c:s0951832022004641
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2022.108847
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Necci, Amos & Cozzani, Valerio & Spadoni, Gigliola & Khan, Faisal, 2015. "Assessment of domino effect: State of the art and research Needs," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 3-18.
    2. Ovidi, Federica & Zhang, Laobing & Landucci, Gabriele & Reniers, Genserik, 2021. "Agent-based model and simulation of mitigated domino scenarios in chemical tank farms," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
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    8. Zhou, Jianfeng & Reniers, Genserik, 2020. "Probabilistic Petri-net addition enabling decision making depending on situational change: The case of emergency response to fuel tank farm fire," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
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    1. Khakzad, Nima, 2023. "A goal programming approach to multi-objective optimization of firefighting strategies in the event of domino effects," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).

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