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Factors shaping the expert perceptions of small modular reactors in Korea and Japan

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  • Kashihara, Kirara
  • Koo, Bonjun
  • Kim, Seoyong
  • Shibutani, Tadahiro

Abstract

As global decarbonization intensifies, nuclear energy has received renewed attention, primarily through small modular reactors (SMRs). Although prior studies have highlighted post-Fukushima shifts in nuclear perceptions, there are limited details regarding the factors driving SMR adoption. This study examines the factors influencing nuclear experts' perceptions of SMRs from the perspectives of nuclear experts in South Korea and Japan, two nations where nuclear power policies and public perceptions have evolved significantly since the Fukushima Daiichi disaster. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we evaluated four primary criteria—safety, economic feasibility, environmental impact, and social factors—through surveys of 45 Korean and 18 Japanese experts. The results indicated that safety is the primary driver in both contexts, with a particular focus on accident prevention and the secure and stable operation of reactors. However, Korean experts tended to emphasize waste management and greenhouse gas reduction, aligning with the country's focus on decarbonization, whereas Japanese experts underscored cost-effectiveness and cybersecurity, consistent with heightened risk awareness following the Fukushima disaster. These findings highlight that robust policy frameworks, clear incentives, and communication strategies are crucial for fostering public trust and accelerating SMR adoption. In nations where public skepticism regarding nuclear energy is high, transparency in risk management and alignment with broader clean energy objectives can reinforce perceptions. By integrating qualitative insights from expert hearings with quantitative AHP-based surveys, this study provides guidance to policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers as they consider the feasibility of SMRs in the transition to a more sustainable energy future.

Suggested Citation

  • Kashihara, Kirara & Koo, Bonjun & Kim, Seoyong & Shibutani, Tadahiro, 2026. "Factors shaping the expert perceptions of small modular reactors in Korea and Japan," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:juipol:v:98:y:2026:i:c:s0957178725002243
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102109
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    References listed on IDEAS

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