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The long road to achieving equity: Job accessibility restrictions and overlapping inequalities in the city of São Paulo

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  • Slovic, Anne Dorothée
  • Tomasiello, Diego Bogado
  • Giannotti, Mariana
  • Andrade, Maria de Fatima
  • Nardocci, Adelaide C.

Abstract

Access to jobs is an important issue in cities which has not been experienced evenly. The Municipality of São Paulo, one of the world's megacities, reflects this uneven accessibility, marked by urban disparities and segregation of poverty-stricken groups. This study examines the inequalities in job accessibility and how it overlaps with socioeconomic indicators, life expectancy and infrastructure conditions, constituting multiple barriers to the most deprived populations. To capture this data, two extreme ends of the human development index have been selected: below the 10th percentile and above the 90th percentile of the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). The level of job accessibility was calculated considering proximity to the public transport network. The public transport network was developed in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment based on General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) from buses to measure travel times and to compute accessibility. Additionally, a spatial autocorrelation method considering job accessibility and HDI was applied to better explore the spatially overlapped pattern. Results have showed that lower rates of job accessibility are associated with areas of worse socioeconomic condition, where life expectancy is shorter and infrastructure is disproportionally precarious. In addition to facing longer travel times in public transportation, this lowest HDI percentile faces the overlapping inequalities that prevent their social ascension and inclusion. Highlighting these factors is essential in the search for equity in accessibility and the development of more inclusive transport policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Slovic, Anne Dorothée & Tomasiello, Diego Bogado & Giannotti, Mariana & Andrade, Maria de Fatima & Nardocci, Adelaide C., 2019. "The long road to achieving equity: Job accessibility restrictions and overlapping inequalities in the city of São Paulo," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 181-193.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:78:y:2019:i:c:p:181-193
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.06.003
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    5. Tainá A Bittencourt & Mariana Giannotti & Eduardo Marques, 2021. "Cumulative (and self-reinforcing) spatial inequalities: Interactions between accessibility and segregation in four Brazilian metropolises," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(7), pages 1989-2005, September.
    6. Daniel S. A. Carvalho & Gervásio F. Santos, 2022. "Transport and density of population groups in the urban area of the city of Salvador," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(6), pages 234-253, December.
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    8. Pinto, Davi Garcia Lopes & Loureiro, Carlos Felipe Grangeiro & Sousa, Francelino Franco Leite de Matos & Motte-Baumvol, Benjamin, 2023. "The effects of informality on socio-spatial inequalities in accessibility to job opportunities: Evidence from Fortaleza, Brazil," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    9. Patrick Connerton & João Vicente de Assunção & Regina Maura de Miranda & Anne Dorothée Slovic & Pedro José Pérez-Martínez & Helena Ribeiro, 2020. "Air Quality during COVID-19 in Four Megacities: Lessons and Challenges for Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-24, July.
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    11. Vergel-Tovar, C. Erik & Leape, Jonathan & Villegas Carrasquilla, Mónica & Peñas Arana, Maria Claudia & Toro Gonzalez, Daniel & Canon Rubiano, Leonardo & Salas Barón, Eliana & Martinez, Paulo, 2022. "Mapping the transit network of greater Cartagena with mobile phones: Coverage, accessibility, and informality," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    12. Humberto, Mateus, 2023. "How to translate justice theory into urban transport metrics? Synchronic assessment of Latin American cities based on equality, priority and sufficiency," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    13. Zhu, Le & Shi, Fei, 2022. "Spatial and social inequalities of job accessibility in Kunshan city, China: Application of the Amap API and mobile phone signaling data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    14. Quezada Larriva, Adriana & Orellana, Daniel & Guerrero Balarezo, María Laura & García, Javier Andrés & Cárdenas Villenas, Galo & Osorio Guerrero, Pablo, 2023. "Impact of Quito's first metro line on the accessibility to urban opportunities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    15. Li, Wu & Guan, Haotian & Qin, Wenwen & Ji, Xiaofeng, 2023. "Collective and individual spatial equity measure in public transit accessibility based on generalized travel cost," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    16. Giannotti, Mariana & Tomasiello, Diego B. & Bittencourt, Taina A., 2022. "The bias in estimating accessibility inequalities using gravity-based metrics," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).

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