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Assessing the social risk of high-protein food alternatives using the social life cycle assessment

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  • Giuseppe, Cecere
  • Sahar, Azarkamand
  • Alba, Bala
  • Ilija, Sazdovski
  • Pere, Fullana-i-Palmer
  • Rigamonti, Lucia

Abstract

The rapidly increasing global population presents important challenges in ensuring adequate and nutritious food, especially when accounting for the associated social and environmental impacts. This paper investigates the social risks associated with different protein sources, focusing on animal-based and plant-based options. Specifically, it assesses the risk of four main protein products in the Spanish market: meat, dairy, fish, and agricultural products.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe, Cecere & Sahar, Azarkamand & Alba, Bala & Ilija, Sazdovski & Pere, Fullana-i-Palmer & Rigamonti, Lucia, 2025. "Assessing the social risk of high-protein food alternatives using the social life cycle assessment," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfpoli:v:134:y:2025:i:c:s0306919225000995
    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102894
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adriana Rivera-Huerta & María de la Salud Rubio Lozano & Alejandro Padilla-Rivera & Leonor Patricia Güereca, 2019. "Social Sustainability Assessment in Livestock Production: A Social Life Cycle Assessment Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Marta Ros-Baró & Patricia Casas-Agustench & Diana Alícia Díaz-Rizzolo & Laura Batlle-Bayer & Ferran Adrià-Acosta & Alícia Aguilar-Martínez & Francesc-Xavier Medina & Montserrat Pujolà & Anna Bach-Faig, 2022. "Edible Insect Consumption for Human and Planetary Health: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-29, September.
    3. Nathan Pelletier, 2018. "Social Sustainability Assessment of Canadian Egg Production Facilities: Methods, Analysis, and Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Helen Harwatt & Joan Sabaté & Gidon Eshel & Sam Soret & William Ripple, 2017. "Substituting beans for beef as a contribution toward US climate change targets," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 143(1), pages 261-270, July.
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    1. Akhlisah, Zulkipli Nor & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Lee, Hwei Voon & Tan, Yie Hua, 2026. "Environmental impacts of biomass energy: A life cycle assessment perspective for circular economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PC).

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