IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/intell/v87y2021ics0160289621000465.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The future of intelligence: The central meaning-making unit of intelligence in the mind, the brain, and artificial intelligence

Author

Listed:
  • Demetriou, Andreas
  • Golino, Hudson
  • Spanoudis, George
  • Makris, Nikolaos
  • Greiff, Samuel

Abstract

This paper focuses on general intelligence, g. We first point to broadly accepted facts about g: it is robust, reliable, and sensitive to learning. We then summarize conflicting theories about its nature and development (Mutualism, Process Overlap Theory, and Dynamic Mental Field Theory) and suggest how future research may resolve their disputes. A model is proposed for g involving a core meaning-making mechanism, noetron, drawing on Alignment, Abstraction, and Cognizance, perpetually generating new mental content. Noetron develops through several levels of control: episodic ➔ attentional ➔ inferential ➔ truth ➔ epistemic control in infancy, preschool, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, respectively. Finally, we propose an agenda for future brain research, assuming a brain noetron, and artificial intelligence research, assuming an artificial noetron, that might uncover the underlying brain mechanisms of g and generate artificial general intelligence.

Suggested Citation

  • Demetriou, Andreas & Golino, Hudson & Spanoudis, George & Makris, Nikolaos & Greiff, Samuel, 2021. "The future of intelligence: The central meaning-making unit of intelligence in the mind, the brain, and artificial intelligence," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intell:v:87:y:2021:i:c:s0160289621000465
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101562
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289621000465
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intell.2021.101562?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Must, Olev & Must, Aasa, 2020. "No decline in the principle-based thought of 9-year-old schoolchildren between 1991 and 2001," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    2. Bruton, Oliver J., 2021. "Is there a “g-neuron”? Establishing a systematic link between general intelligence (g) and the von Economo neuron," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    3. Jastrzębski, Jan & Ociepka, Michał & Chuderski, Adam, 2020. "Fluid reasoning is equivalent to relation processing," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    4. Demetriou, Andreas & Kazi, Smaragda & Spanoudis, George & Makris, Nikolaos, 2019. "Predicting school performance from cognitive ability, self-representation, and personality from primary school to senior high school," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    5. Demetriou, Andreas & Makris, Nikolaos & Tachmatzidis, Dimitrios & Kazi, Smaragda & Spanoudis, George, 2019. "Decomposing the influence of mental processes on academic performance," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    6. Makris, Nikolaos & Tachmatzidis, Dimitrios & Demetriou, Andreas & Spanoudis, George, 2017. "Mapping the evolving core of intelligence: Changing relations between executive control, reasoning, language, and awareness," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 12-30.
    7. Demetriou, Andreas & Kazi, Smaragda & Makris, Nikolaos & Spanoudis, George, 2020. "Cognitive ability, cognitive self-awareness, and school performance: From childhood to adolescence," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    8. Demetriou, Andreas & Kazi, Smaragda & Spanoudis, George & Makris, Nikolaos, 2019. "Predicting school performance from cognitive ability, self-representation, and personality from primary school to senior high school," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Flynn, James R. & Shayer, Michael, 2018. "IQ decline and Piaget: Does the rot start at the top?," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 112-121.
    10. Paul T E Cusack, 2020. "The Human Brain," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 31(3), pages 24261-24266, October.
    11. Coyle, Thomas R. & Elpers, Karrie E. & Gonzalez, Miguel C. & Freeman, Jacob & Baggio, Jacopo A., 2018. "General Intelligence (g), ACT Scores, and Theory of Mind: (ACT)g Predicts Limited Variance Among Theory of Mind Tests," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 85-91.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Haier, Richard J., 2021. "Are we thinking big enough about the road ahead? Overview of the special issue on the future of intelligence research," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Lotz, Christin & Scherer, Ronny & Greiff, Samuel & Sparfeldt, Jörn R., 2022. "g's little helpers – VOTAT and NOTAT mediate the relation between intelligence and complex problem solving," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    3. Demetriou, Andreas & Mougi, Antigoni & Spanoudis, George & Makris, Nicolaos, 2022. "Changing developmental priorities between executive functions, working memory, and reasoning in the formation of g from 6 to 12 years," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Demetriou, Andreas & Kazi, Smaragda & Makris, Nikolaos & Spanoudis, George, 2020. "Cognitive ability, cognitive self-awareness, and school performance: From childhood to adolescence," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    2. Demetriou, Andreas & Mougi, Antigoni & Spanoudis, George & Makris, Nicolaos, 2022. "Changing developmental priorities between executive functions, working memory, and reasoning in the formation of g from 6 to 12 years," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Demetriou, Andreas & Makris, Nikolaos & Tachmatzidis, Dimitrios & Kazi, Smaragda & Spanoudis, George, 2019. "Decomposing the influence of mental processes on academic performance," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    4. Starr, Alexandra & Riemann, Rainer, 2022. "Common genetic and environmental effects on cognitive ability, conscientiousness, self-perceived abilities, and school performance," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    5. Zisman, Chen & Ganzach, Yoav, 2022. "The claim that personality is more important than intelligence in predicting important life outcomes has been greatly exaggerated," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    6. Dominic Holland & Oleksandr Frei & Rahul Desikan & Chun-Chieh Fan & Alexey A Shadrin & Olav B Smeland & V S Sundar & Paul Thompson & Ole A Andreassen & Anders M Dale, 2020. "Beyond SNP heritability: Polygenicity and discoverability of phenotypes estimated with a univariate Gaussian mixture model," PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-30, May.
    7. Daniele Angelini, 2023. "Aging Population and Technology Adoption," Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz 2023-01, Department of Economics, University of Konstanz.
    8. Demetriou, Andreas & Kazi, Smaragda & Spanoudis, George & Makris, Nikolaos, 2019. "Predicting school performance from cognitive ability, self-representation, and personality from primary school to senior high school," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Julia Berezutskaya & Zachary V Freudenburg & Umut Güçlü & Marcel A J van Gerven & Nick F Ramsey, 2020. "Brain-optimized extraction of complex sound features that drive continuous auditory perception," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(7), pages 1-34, July.
    10. Abigail B. Schneider & Bridget Leonard, 2022. "From anxiety to control: Mask‐wearing, perceived marketplace influence, and emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(1), pages 97-119, March.
    11. Geonhui Lee & Woong Choi & Hanjin Jo & Wookhyun Park & Jaehyo Kim, 2020. "Analysis of motor control strategy for frontal and sagittal planes of circular tracking movements using visual feedback noise from velocity change and depth information," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(11), pages 1-22, November.
    12. Odelaisy León-Triana & Julián Pérez-Beteta & David Albillo & Ana Ortiz de Mendivil & Luis Pérez-Romasanta & Elisabet González-Del Portillo & Manuel Llorente & Natalia Carballo & Estanislao Arana & Víc, 2021. "Brain Metastasis Response to Stereotactic Radio Surgery: A Mathematical Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-19, March.
    13. Mirren Charnley & Saba Islam & Guneet K. Bindra & Jeremy Engwirda & Julian Ratcliffe & Jiangtao Zhou & Raffaele Mezzenga & Mark D. Hulett & Kyunghoon Han & Joshua T. Berryman & Nicholas P. Reynolds, 2022. "Neurotoxic amyloidogenic peptides in the proteome of SARS-COV2: potential implications for neurological symptoms in COVID-19," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    14. Samy Castro & Wael El-Deredy & Demian Battaglia & Patricio Orio, 2020. "Cortical ignition dynamics is tightly linked to the core organisation of the human connectome," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(7), pages 1-23, July.
    15. Nguyen, Ha Trong & Brinkman, Sally & Le, Huong Thu & Zubrick, Stephen R. & Mitrou, Francis, 2022. "Gender differences in time allocation contribute to differences in developmental outcomes in children and adolescents," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    16. Gregor Wolbring, 2022. "Auditing the ‘Social’ of Quantum Technologies: A Scoping Review," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-38, March.
    17. April R. Kriebel & Joshua D. Welch, 2022. "UINMF performs mosaic integration of single-cell multi-omic datasets using nonnegative matrix factorization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    18. Boada, Júlia Pareto & Maestre, Begoña Román & Genís, Carme Torras, 2021. "The ethical issues of social assistive robotics: A critical literature review," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    19. Hamed Nili & Alexander Walther & Arjen Alink & Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, 2020. "Inferring exemplar discriminability in brain representations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-28, June.
    20. Valtteri Arstila & Alexandra L Georgescu & Henri Pesonen & Daniel Lunn & Valdas Noreika & Christine M Falter-Wagner, 2020. "Event timing in human vision: Modulating factors and independent functions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:intell:v:87:y:2021:i:c:s0160289621000465. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/intelligence .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.