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Predictors of students’ global competence in China, Germany, Turkey, and Mexico: A cross-cultural comparative study

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  • Zhang, Hong
  • Tang, Hanwei
  • Zhou, Qianyu
  • Wang, Fuyan

Abstract

Global competence is the key determinant of student success in an interconnected, diverse, and rapidly changing world. This study examined the simultaneous influence of student- and school-level factors on students’ global competence across diverse cultural contexts in China, Germany, Turkey, and Mexico. The sample comprised 25,677 students (grades 7–12) and 771 schools from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 2018). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was utilized for data analysis. Findings indicated that family cultural capital, students’ ICT competence, and cooperation consistently affect students’ global competence across varied countries. In contrast, the effects of school location, participation in international exchange programs, and foreign language learning in the curriculum on students’ global competence significantly differ among four countries. Distinguishing the commonalities and differences in influences on students’ global competence across cultures guides the creation of educational strategies that foster cross-cultural understanding and global cooperation, and become responsible global citizens.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Hong & Tang, Hanwei & Zhou, Qianyu & Wang, Fuyan, 2025. "Predictors of students’ global competence in China, Germany, Turkey, and Mexico: A cross-cultural comparative study," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:113:y:2025:i:c:s073805932500001x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2025.103203
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shushanik Margaryan & Annemarie Paul & Thomas Siedler, 2021. "Does Education Affect Attitudes towards Immigration?: Evidence from Germany," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 56(2), pages 446-479.
    2. Wu, Xi & Zhang, Yanan, 2024. "Effects of individual attributes, family background, and school context on students’ global competence: Insights from the OECD PISA 2018," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    3. Xiaoyue Hu & Jie Hu, 2021. "A Classification Analysis of the High and Low Levels of Global Competence of Secondary Students: Insights from 25 Countries/Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Hamid Yeganeh, 2024. "Conceptualizing the Patterns of Change in Cultural Values: The Paradoxical Effects of Modernization, Demographics, and Globalization," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Lavinia Cornelia Butum & Luminița Nicolescu & Sergiu Octavian Stan, 2022. "Developing Global Competences via University Internationalization Activities—A Comparative Analysis of Business Students’ Opinions before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-30, November.
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