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Mixture formation in a direct injection gas engine: Numerical study on nozzle type, injection pressure and injection timing effects

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  • Keskinen, Karri
  • Kaario, Ossi
  • Nuutinen, Mika
  • Vuorinen, Ville
  • Künsch, Zaira
  • Liavåg, Lars Ola
  • Larmi, Martti

Abstract

DI (direct injection) gas engines aim at providing clean and efficient combustion. Mixture quality control and hydrocarbon emission reduction are key development challenges in such engines. Here, a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) study of the DI gas injection process is carried out. The aim is to provide knowledge that aids e.g. engine designers in i) extending the lean limit at part load conditions via stratified mixtures, ii) mitigating incomplete combustion by improving mixing and eliminating fuel crevice flow. We investigate the sensitivity of the mixture formation process to nozzle type, injection pressure and injection timing. First, the present CFD method is discussed in free gas jet computations. For reference, we utilize planar laser induced fluorescence measurements and large eddy simulation results. After this, a total of 12 DI cases in moving mesh engine conditions are simulated. The main findings and novel results are listed as follows: 1) injection timing has a considerable influence on mixing rate, 2) efficacy of mixing mechanisms is highly nozzle type dependent, 3) jet-piston interaction may be utilized in the generation of a confining toroidal vortex in the piston bowl, 4) phase space analysis reveals two highly case dependent stages of mixture evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Keskinen, Karri & Kaario, Ossi & Nuutinen, Mika & Vuorinen, Ville & Künsch, Zaira & Liavåg, Lars Ola & Larmi, Martti, 2016. "Mixture formation in a direct injection gas engine: Numerical study on nozzle type, injection pressure and injection timing effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 542-556.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:94:y:2016:i:c:p:542-556
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.121
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fan, Baowei & Pan, Jianfeng & Yang, Wenming & Chen, Wei & Bani, Stephen, 2017. "The influence of injection strategy on mixture formation and combustion process in a direct injection natural gas rotary engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 663-674.
    2. Kim, Donghwan & Son, Yousang & Park, Sungwook, 2022. "Effects of operating parameters on in-cylinder flow characteristics of an optically accessible engine with a spray-guided injector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    3. Kaario, Ossi Tapani & Vuorinen, Ville & Zhu, Lei & Larmi, Martti & Liu, Ronghou, 2017. "Mixing and evaporation analysis of a high-pressure SCR system using a hybrid LES-RANS approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 827-841.
    4. Fan, Baowei & Pan, Jianfeng & Yang, Wenming & Pan, Zhenhua & Bani, Stephen & Chen, Wei & He, Ren, 2017. "Combined effect of injection timing and injection angle on mixture formation and combustion process in a direct injection (DI) natural gas rotary engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 519-530.
    5. Tianbo Wang & Lanchun Zhang & Qian Chen, 2020. "Effect of Valve Opening Manner and Sealing Method on the Steady Injection Characteristic of Gas Fuel Injector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, March.
    6. Yang, Kailin & Wang, Zhongshu & Zhang, Kechao & Wang, Dan & Xie, Fangxi & Xu, Yun & Yang, Kaiqiang, 2023. "Impact of natural gas injection timing on the combustion and emissions performance of a dual-direct-injection diesel/natural gas engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    7. Jiang, Chenxu & Li, Zilong & Qian, Yong & Wang, Xiaole & Zhang, Yahui & Lu, Xingcai, 2018. "Influences of fuel injection strategies on combustion performance and regular/irregular emissions in a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine: Commercial gasoline versus multi-components gasoli," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 173-187.
    8. Tianbo Wang & Lanchun Zhang & Li Li & Jiahui Wu & Hongchen Wang, 2022. "Numerical Comparative Study on the In-Cylinder Mixing Performance of Port Fuel Injection and Direct Injection Gas-Fueled Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-15, July.
    9. Wenzhi Gao & Zhen Fu & Yong Li & Yuhuai Li & Jiahua Zou, 2022. "Progress of Performance, Emission, and Technical Measures of Hydrogen Fuel Internal-Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-26, October.

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