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Assessing the experimental investigation of milk thistle oil for biodiesel production using base catalyzed transesterification

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  • Ullah, Kifayat
  • Ahmad, Mushtaq
  • Sofia,
  • Qiu, Fengxian

Abstract

In the present research work, non edible oil source milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaert) plant was investigated for biodiesel production. The extracted crude oil was 26.14% of the total seed dry weight. The free fatty acid content of oil was reduced from 0.56 mg KOH/g to 0.06 mg KOH/g by esterification before the synthesis of biodiesel. The highest conversion percentage of biodiesel was achieved 89.51% and 87.42% using solid base catalyst sodium hydroxide (0.75%) and potassium hydroxide (1.0%), respectively. The protocol for experiment was adjusted as follow: temperature (60 °C); time of reaction (2 h), steering (600 rpm) and the oil molar ratio was fixed 1:6. Qualitatively, the prepared biodiesel was quantified by GC chromatography, 13C &1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), AAS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The fuel properties of biodiesel were tested and compared with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Ullah, Kifayat & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Sofia, & Qiu, Fengxian, 2015. "Assessing the experimental investigation of milk thistle oil for biodiesel production using base catalyzed transesterification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 887-895.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:89:y:2015:i:c:p:887-895
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.028
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    1. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Aziz, A. Abdul, 2010. "High quality biodiesel and its diesel engine application: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 1999-2008, September.
    2. Sharma, Y.C. & Singh, B., 2009. "Development of biodiesel: Current scenario," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1646-1651, August.
    3. Barnwal, B.K. & Sharma, M.P., 2005. "Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 363-378, August.
    4. Ullah, Kifayat & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Sultana, Shazia & Teong, Lee Keat & Sharma, Vinod Kumar & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Zafar, Muhammad & Ullah, Zahid, 2014. "Experimental analysis of di-functional magnetic oxide catalyst and its performance in the hemp plant biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 660-669.
    5. Lu, Pengmei & Yuan, Zhenhong & Li, Lianhua & Wang, Zhongming & Luo, Wen, 2010. "Biodiesel from different oil using fixed-bed and plug-flow reactors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 283-287.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ullah, Kifayat & Sharma, Vinod Kumar & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Lv, Pengmei & Krahl, Jurgen & Wang, Zhongming & Sofia,, 2018. "The insight views of advanced technologies and its application in bio-origin fuel synthesis from lignocellulose biomasses waste, a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3992-4008.
    2. Gutiérrez-Arnillas, Esther & Álvarez, María S. & Deive, Francisco J. & Rodríguez, Ana & Sanromán, M. Ángeles, 2016. "New horizons in the enzymatic production of biodiesel using neoteric solvents," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 92-100.
    3. Hammad Ahmad Jan & Igor Šurina & Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh & Abdulaziz M. Almutlaq & Sher Wali & Anton Lisý, 2022. "Biodiesel Synthesis from Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Seed Oil using ZnO Nanoparticles as a Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.

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