IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v346y2026ics0360544226003154.html

Evaluation of the performance of an OWC-OWEC hybrid wave energy converter integrated into a sloped breakwater

Author

Listed:
  • Didier, Eric
  • Teixeira, Paulo R.F.

Abstract

The performance and hydrodynamics of a Hybrid Wave Energy Converter (HWEC) device, combining Oscillating Water Column (OWC) and Overtopping Wave Energy Converter (OWEC) technologies, inserted into a 2:3 sloped breakwater, are investigated. HWEC and individual OWC and OWEC, subject to the action of incident regular waves with periods from 6 to 14 s and wave heights of 1, 2, and 3 m, are studied and compared. Investigations are carried out by using the ANSYS-FLUENT® software and adopting a numerical model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, the Volume of Fluid method for the free surface flow, and a hybrid κ-ω SST turbulent/laminar model to deal with the involved complex phenomena. The HWEC device has higher efficiency than the individual OWC and OWEC devices and a more constant efficiency over the wave period interval, showing that both OWC and OWEC technologies complement each other and work well together. The maximum efficiency is achieved at the resonance period, around 9 s, reaching 77.6, 76.9, and 75.5% for incident wave heights of 1, 2, and 3 m, respectively. The energy balance analysis highlights that the HWEC device provides the best efficiency due to the limitation of the reflected wave energy and energy losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Didier, Eric & Teixeira, Paulo R.F., 2026. "Evaluation of the performance of an OWC-OWEC hybrid wave energy converter integrated into a sloped breakwater," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:346:y:2026:i:c:s0360544226003154
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140213
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544226003154
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2026.140213?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gonçalves, Rafael A.A.C. & Teixeira, Paulo R.F. & Didier, Eric & Torres, Fernando R., 2020. "Numerical analysis of the influence of air compressibility effects on an oscillating water column wave energy converter chamber," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1183-1193.
    2. Iván López & Rodrigo Carballo & David Mateo Fouz & Gregorio Iglesias, 2021. "Design Selection and Geometry in OWC Wave Energy Converters for Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Teixeira, Paulo R.F. & Didier, Eric, 2021. "Numerical analysis of the response of an onshore oscillating water column wave energy converter to random waves," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    4. Li, Yanni & Yan, Shiqiang & Shi, Hongda & Ma, Qingwei & Li, Demin & Cao, Feifei, 2023. "Hydrodynamic analysis of a novel multi-buoy wind-wave energy system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    5. Güths, A.K. & Teixeira, P.R.F. & Didier, E., 2022. "A novel geometry of an onshore Oscillating Water Column wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 938-949.
    6. Diego Vicinanza & Lucia Margheritini & Jens Peter Kofoed & Mariano Buccino, 2012. "The SSG Wave Energy Converter: Performance, Status and Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-34, January.
    7. Teixeira, Paulo R.F. & Davyt, Djavan P. & Didier, Eric & Ramalhais, Rubén, 2013. "Numerical simulation of an oscillating water column device using a code based on Navier–Stokes equations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 513-530.
    8. Reguero, B.G. & Losada, I.J. & Méndez, F.J., 2015. "A global wave power resource and its seasonal, interannual and long-term variability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 366-380.
    9. Didier, Eric & Teixeira, Paulo R.F., 2024. "Numerical analysis of 3D hydrodynamics and performance of an array of oscillating water column wave energy converters integrated into a vertical breakwater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    10. Josset, C. & Clément, A.H., 2007. "A time-domain numerical simulator for oscillating water column wave power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1379-1402.
    11. Ning, Dezhi & Zhao, Xuanlie & Göteman, Malin & Kang, Haigui, 2016. "Hydrodynamic performance of a pile-restrained WEC-type floating breakwater: An experimental study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 531-541.
    12. Tomás Cabral & Daniel Clemente & Paulo Rosa-Santos & Francisco Taveira-Pinto & Tiago Morais & Filipe Belga & Henrique Cestaro, 2020. "Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Wave Energy Converter Integrated into a Harbor Breakwater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-22, January.
    13. Ren, Nianxin & Ma, Zhe & Shan, Baohua & Ning, Dezhi & Ou, Jinping, 2020. "Experimental and numerical study of dynamic responses of a new combined TLP type floating wind turbine and a wave energy converter under operational conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 966-974.
    14. Gunn, Kester & Stock-Williams, Clym, 2012. "Quantifying the global wave power resource," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 296-304.
    15. Cheng, Yong & Du, Weiming & Dai, Saishuai & Ji, Chunyan & Collu, Maurizio & Cocard, Margot & Cui, Lin & Yuan, Zhiming & Incecik, Atilla, 2022. "Hydrodynamic characteristics of a hybrid oscillating water column-oscillating buoy wave energy converter integrated into a π-type floating breakwater," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    16. Mustapa, M.A. & Yaakob, O.B. & Ahmed, Yasser M. & Rheem, Chang-Kyu & Koh, K.K. & Adnan, Faizul Amri, 2017. "Wave energy device and breakwater integration: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 43-58.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Calheiros-Cabral, T. & Rosa-Santos, P. & Taveira-Pinto, F. & Lara, J. L., 2025. "Harnessing wave energy through breakwater integration: A review of technologies, deployment strategies and an open-access database," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    2. Calheiros-Cabral, Tomás & Clemente, Daniel & Rosa-Santos, Paulo & Taveira-Pinto, Francisco & Ramos, Victor & Morais, Tiago & Cestaro, Henrique, 2020. "Evaluation of the annual electricity production of a hybrid breakwater-integrated wave energy converter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    3. Palmer, Heath & Zhao, Ming & Wu, Helen & Hu, Pan & Dhamelia, Vatsal, 2024. "Comparison between linear and quadratic power take off for a single chamber land-fixed oscillating water column (OWC)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    4. Wang, Shangming & Xu, Hao & Gao, Zhiteng & Li, Ye, 2024. "Performance analysis of a novel hybrid device with floating breakwater and wave energy converter integrated," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PB).
    5. Didier, Eric & Teixeira, Paulo R.F., 2024. "Numerical analysis of 3D hydrodynamics and performance of an array of oscillating water column wave energy converters integrated into a vertical breakwater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    6. Zhao, Ming & Ning, Dezhi, 2024. "A review of numerical methods for studying hydrodynamic performance of oscillating water column (OWC) devices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    7. Palmer, Heath & Zhao, Ming & Wu, Helen & Hu, Pan & Munir, Adnan & Qin, Zhang & Dhamelia, Vatsal, 2025. "Wave interference and energy conversion in a 3D land-fixed oscillating water column system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    8. Lisboa, Rodrigo C. & Teixeira, Paulo R.F. & Torres, Fernando R. & Didier, Eric, 2018. "Numerical evaluation of the power output of an oscillating water column wave energy converter installed in the southern Brazilian coast," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1115-1124.
    9. Palmer, Heath & Zhao, Ming & Wu, Helen & Hu, Pan & Munir, Adnan & Zhang, Qin & Dhamelia, Vatsal, 2026. "Bathymetric wave lenses: Enhancing OWC efficiency with parabolic shoals," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    10. Tomás Cabral & Daniel Clemente & Paulo Rosa-Santos & Francisco Taveira-Pinto & Tiago Morais & Filipe Belga & Henrique Cestaro, 2020. "Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Wave Energy Converter Integrated into a Harbor Breakwater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-22, January.
    11. Güths, A.K. & Teixeira, P.R.F. & Didier, E., 2022. "A novel geometry of an onshore Oscillating Water Column wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 938-949.
    12. Clemente, D. & Rosa-Santos, P. & Taveira-Pinto, F., 2021. "On the potential synergies and applications of wave energy converters: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    13. Hu, Yinong & Cheng, Yong & Dai, Saishuai & Yuan, Zhiming & Incecik, Atilla, 2026. "Hydroelastic performance of a flexible pontoon-type floating breakwater embedded with multiple oscillating-water-column devices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    14. Mia, Mohammad Rashed & Zhao, Ming & Wu, Helen & Munir, Adnan, 2022. "Numerical investigation of offshore oscillating water column devices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 380-393.
    15. Medina Rodríguez, Ayrton Alfonso & Silva Casarín, Rodolfo & Blanco Ilzarbe, Jesús María, 2022. "The influence of oblique waves on the hydrodynamic efficiency of an onshore OWC wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 687-707.
    16. López-Ruiz, Alejandro & Bergillos, Rafael J. & Ortega-Sánchez, Miguel, 2016. "The importance of wave climate forecasting on the decision-making process for nearshore wave energy exploitation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 191-203.
    17. Zhao, Ming & Palmer, Heath & Dhamelia, Vatsal & Wu, Helen, 2024. "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a cylindrical oscillating water column (OWC) device placed in a wave flume," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    18. Cheng, Yong & Du, Weiming & Dai, Saishuai & Ji, Chunyan & Collu, Maurizio & Cocard, Margot & Cui, Lin & Yuan, Zhiming & Incecik, Atilla, 2022. "Hydrodynamic characteristics of a hybrid oscillating water column-oscillating buoy wave energy converter integrated into a π-type floating breakwater," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    19. Wu, Jiujiang & Jiang, Wenjie & Yang, Ting, 2025. "A bibliometric analysis of oscillating-water-column wave energy converters: emerging trends and research frontiers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    20. Tay, Zhi Yung, 2022. "Energy generation enhancement of arrays of point absorber wave energy converters via Moonpool's resonance effect," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 830-848.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:346:y:2026:i:c:s0360544226003154. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.