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Variation in energy consumption in production of wheat–maize with varying altitudes in hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh, India

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  • Mani, Indra
  • Kumar, Pradeep
  • Panwar, J.S.
  • Kant, Kamal

Abstract

Availability and consumption pattern of energy and constraints in its proper supply and management for crop production was studied in wheat–maize cropping system in selected hilly rural villages located at different altitudes of Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalayas. The information was collected from 90 farmers drawn from nine villages, three each from three selected altitudes using two-stage random sampling. The average values of energy consumption for wheat crop in low and high hills were, respectively, 41.68 and 110.8MJ/ha and those for maize crop were, respectively, 43.43 and 81.33MJ/ha. The productivity of wheat crop ranged from 1077 to 1840.9kg/ha and for maize crop from 1108 to 1573kg/ha, in low and high hills, respectively. The major constraints in the proper use of energy in crop production were the uncertain supply of different inputs due to difficult and undulating terrain, poor land holdings and non-availability of suitable technologies. The introduction of small powered equipment, precise use of seed and fertilizer and proper management of irrigation water were recommended for efficient energy use and better crop productivity.

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  • Mani, Indra & Kumar, Pradeep & Panwar, J.S. & Kant, Kamal, 2007. "Variation in energy consumption in production of wheat–maize with varying altitudes in hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh, India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2336-2339.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:12:p:2336-2339
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2007.07.004
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    1. Hafiz Muhammad Abrar Ilyas & Majeed Safa & Alison Bailey & Sara Rauf & Azeem Khan, 2020. "Energy Efficiency Outlook of New Zealand Dairy Farming Systems: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Houshyar, Ehsan & Azadi, Hossein & Almassi, Morteza & Sheikh Davoodi, Mohammad Javad & Witlox, Frank, 2012. "Sustainable and efficient energy consumption of corn production in Southwest Iran: Combination of multi-fuzzy and DEA modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 672-681.
    3. Unakitan, G. & Hurma, H. & Yilmaz, F., 2010. "An analysis of energy use efficiency of canola production in Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3623-3627.
    4. Muhammad N. Ashraf & Muhammad H. Mahmood & Muhammad Sultan & Narges Banaeian & Muhammad Usman & Sobhy M. Ibrahim & Muhammad U. B. U. Butt & Muhammad Waseem & Imran Ali & Aamir Shakoor & Zahid M. Khan, 2020. "Investigation of Input and Output Energy for Wheat Production: A Comprehensive Study for Tehsil Mailsi (Pakistan)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-22, August.
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    9. Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Sodhi, G.P.S., 2019. "Energy auditing and optimization approach for improving energy efficiency of rice cultivation in south-western Punjab, India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 269-279.
    10. Yuan, Shen & Peng, Shaobing & Wang, Dong & Man, Jianguo, 2018. "Evaluation of the energy budget and energy use efficiency in wheat production under various crop management practices in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 184-191.
    11. Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Gupta, Alok & Sodhi, Gurjinder Pal Singh, 2023. "Data envelopment analysis based energy optimization for improving energy efficiency in wheat established following rice residue management in rice-wheat cropping system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    12. Kaur, Karman & Prasad, Narayan & Prasad, Narayan, 2021. "Modelling Input Energy Used in Wheat Production in India Using Artificial Neural Network," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315051, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Safa, M. & Samarasinghe, S., 2011. "Determination and modelling of energy consumption in wheat production using neural networks: “A case study in Canterbury province, New Zealand”," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5140-5147.
    14. Djevic, M. & Dimitrijevic, A., 2009. "Energy consumption for different greenhouse constructions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1325-1331.
    15. Fan Fan & Bei Li & Weifeng Zhang & John R. Porter & Fusuo Zhang, 2021. "Evaluation of Sustainability of Irrigated Crops in Arid Regions, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, January.
    16. Rahman, Sanzidur & Kazal, Mohammad Mizanul Haque, 2015. "Whether crop diversification is energy efficient: An empirical analysis from Bangladesh," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 745-754.
    17. Bhunia, Snehasish & Karmakar, Subrata & Bhattacharjee, Suvendu & Roy, Kingshuk & Kanthal, Sahely & Pramanick, Mahadev & Baishya, Aniket & Mandal, Biswapati, 2021. "Optimization of energy consumption using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in rice-wheat-green gram cropping system under conservation tillage practices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    18. Houshyar, Ehsan & Grundmann, Philipp, 2017. "Environmental impacts of energy use in wheat tillage systems: A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) study in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 11-24.
    19. Mileusnić, Z.I. & Petrović, D.V. & Đević, M.S., 2010. "Comparison of tillage systems according to fuel consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 221-228.
    20. Muhammad N. Ashraf & Muhammad H. Mahmood & Muhammad Sultan & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Sobhy M. Ibrahim, 2021. "Investigation of Energy Consumption and Associated CO 2 Emissions for Wheat–Rice Crop Rotation Farming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    21. Rahman, Sanzidur & Hasan, M. Kamrul, 2014. "Energy productivity and efficiency of wheat farming in Bangladesh," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 107-114.
    22. Rahman, Sanzidur & Barmon, Basanta K., 2012. "Energy productivity and efficiency of the ‘gher’ (prawn-fish-rice) farming system in Bangladesh," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 293-300.

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