IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v328y2025ics0360544225021164.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence of amine curing agents on phase change performance in developing flame-retardant thermal management epoxy composites

Author

Listed:
  • Hua, Yifang
  • Peng, Qinghua
  • Zhang, Jingfan
  • Gu, Weiwen
  • Zhang, Jingyu
  • Sun, Jun
  • Gu, Xiaoyu
  • Wang, Haiqiao
  • Zhang, Sheng

Abstract

The blending of epoxy resin (EP) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) effectively addresses leakage issues in solid-liquid phase change materials (SLPCMs) by creating form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs). However, the discrepancies between the actual enthalpy and encapsulation efficiency and their theoretical values within this system remain unexplored in a systematic manner. To investigate these issues, four amine curing agents were selected as model compounds to examine their influence on phase change performance. The role of curing agents in enhancing the interfacial bonding between EP and PEG was systematically explored, highlighting their critical impact on phase change stability and energy efficiency. Additionally, PEG was modified to improve flame retardancy, resulting in FREPP-60/4 %EG with enhanced flame resistance and stable phase change behaviour. Simulation tests revealed its good thermal management performance, characterized by rapid heat absorption during heating and sustained heat release during cooling, showing significant potential for building applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Hua, Yifang & Peng, Qinghua & Zhang, Jingfan & Gu, Weiwen & Zhang, Jingyu & Sun, Jun & Gu, Xiaoyu & Wang, Haiqiao & Zhang, Sheng, 2025. "Influence of amine curing agents on phase change performance in developing flame-retardant thermal management epoxy composites," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:328:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225021164
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136474
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225021164
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.136474?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Olivkar, Piyush R. & Katekar, Vikrant P. & Deshmukh, Sandip S. & Palatkar, Sanyukta V., 2022. "Effect of sensible heat storage materials on the thermal performance of solar air heaters: State-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    2. Zhang, Wenlong & Pan, Rongkun & Wang, Jian & Lu, Chang & Liu, Miling & Ding, Yanming, 2025. "Study on pyrolysis characteristics of typical thermal insulation materials under light aging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    3. Zeng, Ziya & Zhao, Bingchen & Wang, Ruzhu, 2023. "High-power-density packed-bed thermal energy storage using form-stable expanded graphite-based phase change composite," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    4. Kant, K. & Pitchumani, R., 2022. "Advances and opportunities in thermochemical heat storage systems for buildings applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    5. Aditya, L. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Rismanchi, B. & Ng, H.M. & Hasan, M.H. & Metselaar, H.S.C. & Muraza, Oki & Aditiya, H.B., 2017. "A review on insulation materials for energy conservation in buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1352-1365.
    6. Liang, Yuntao & Wang, Ting & He, Zhenglong & Sun, Yong & Song, Shuanglin & Cui, Xinfeng & Cao, Yingjiazi, 2023. "High thermal storage capacity phase change microcapsules for heat transfer enhancement through hydroxylated-silanized nano-silicon carbide," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    7. Gabrielli, Paolo & Poluzzi, Alessandro & Kramer, Gert Jan & Spiers, Christopher & Mazzotti, Marco & Gazzani, Matteo, 2020. "Seasonal energy storage for zero-emissions multi-energy systems via underground hydrogen storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    8. Lin, Yaxue & Zhu, Chuqiao & Alva, Guruprasad & Fang, Guiyin, 2018. "Palmitic acid/polyvinyl butyral/expanded graphite composites as form-stable phase change materials for solar thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1801-1809.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Umair, Malik Muhammad & Zhang, Yuang & Iqbal, Kashif & Zhang, Shufen & Tang, Bingtao, 2019. "Novel strategies and supporting materials applied to shape-stabilize organic phase change materials for thermal energy storage–A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 846-873.
    2. Jiang, Liang & Lei, Yuan & Liu, Qinfeng & Lei, Jingxin, 2020. "Polyethylene glycol based self-luminous phase change materials for both thermal and light energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    3. Ikutegbe, Charles A. & Farid, Mohammed M., 2020. "Application of phase change material foam composites in the built environment: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    4. Stefano Perilli & Davide Palumbo & Stefano Sfarra & Umberto Galietti, 2021. "Advanced Insulation Materials for Facades: Analyzing Detachments Using Numerical Simulations and Infrared Thermography," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    5. Bing, Naici & Yang, Jie & Gao, Huan & Xie, Huaqing & Yu, Wei, 2021. "Unsaturated polyester resin supported form-stable phase change materials with enhanced thermal conductivity for solar energy storage and conversion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 926-933.
    6. Hawks, M.A. & Cho, S., 2024. "Review and analysis of current solutions and trends for zero energy building (ZEB) thermal systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    7. Lee, Seokjae & Park, Sangwoo & Won, Jongmuk & Choi, Hangseok, 2021. "Influential factors on thermal performance of energy slabs equipped with an insulation layer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 823-834.
    8. Rostami, Sara & Afrand, Masoud & Shahsavar, Amin & Sheikholeslami, M. & Kalbasi, Rasool & Aghakhani, Saeed & Shadloo, Mostafa Safdari & Oztop, Hakan F., 2020. "A review of melting and freezing processes of PCM/nano-PCM and their application in energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    9. Claudia Fabiani & Anna Laura Pisello & Marco Barbanera & Luisa F. Cabeza & Franco Cotana, 2019. "Assessing the Potentiality of Animal Fat Based-Bio Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Building Applications: An Innovative Multipurpose Thermal Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-18, March.
    10. Luo, Yongqiang & Zhang, Ling & Liu, Zhongbing & Yu, Jinghua & Xu, Xinhua & Su, Xiaosong, 2020. "Towards net zero energy building: The application potential and adaptability of photovoltaic-thermoelectric-battery wall system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    11. Weiguang Su & Yilin Li & Tongyu Zhou & Jo Darkwa & Georgios Kokogiannakis & Zhao Li, 2019. "Microencapsulation of Paraffin with Poly (Urea Methacrylate) Shell for Solar Water Heater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-9, September.
    12. Patrycja Walichnowska & Weronika Kruszelnicka & Andrzej Tomporowski & Adam Mroziński, 2025. "The Impact of Energy Storage on the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Systems and Determining the Carbon Footprint of Households with Different Electricity Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Dong, Haoxin & Shan, Zijing & Zhou, Jianli & Xu, Chuanbo & Chen, Wenjun, 2023. "Refined modeling and co-optimization of electric-hydrogen-thermal-gas integrated energy system with hybrid energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    14. Michał Musiał & Lech Lichołai & Dušan Katunský, 2023. "Modern Thermal Energy Storage Systems Dedicated to Autonomous Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-28, May.
    15. Zhang, Yannan & Yan, Taisen & Wang, Ruzhu, 2024. "A new strategy of dual-material reactors for stable thermal output of sorption thermal battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    16. Hosseini Dehshiri, Seyyed Shahabaddin & Firoozabadi, Bahar, 2025. "Optimizing building energy solutions: A guideline for choosing proper multi criteria decision making methods in energy problems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    17. Cárdenas, Bruno & Ibanez, Roderaid & Rouse, James & Swinfen-Styles, Lawrie & Garvey, Seamus, 2023. "The effect of a nuclear baseload in a zero-carbon electricity system: An analysis for the UK," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 256-272.
    18. Wu, Minqiang & Li, Tingxian & He, Qifan & Du, Ruxue & Wang, Ruzhu, 2022. "Thermally conductive and form-stable phase change composite for building thermal management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    19. Gonçalves, Márcio & Simões, Nuno & Serra, Catarina & Flores-Colen, Inês, 2020. "A review of the challenges posed by the use of vacuum panels in external insulation finishing systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    20. Gao, Shichao & Wang, Shugang & Sun, Yi & Wang, Jihong & Hu, Peiyu & Shang, Jiaxu & Ma, Zhenjun & Liang, Yuntao, 2023. "Effect of charging operating conditions on open zeolite/water vapor sorption thermal energy storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:328:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225021164. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.