IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v323y2025ics0360544225011910.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exploring the flexibility and profitability of combined steam and CO2 reforming in off-to-Valuables (O2V) pathway

Author

Listed:
  • Do, Thai Ngan
  • Kim, Changsu
  • Jeong, Ha Eun
  • Kim, Jiyong

Abstract

Steelwork residue gases, such as coke oven gas (COG), offer significant potential for upcycling into high-value products, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional methods that emit CO2. This study addresses the need for adaptable and efficient production by proposing a co-production process of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from COG using a combined steam and CO2 reforming (CSCR) technology. The process enables flexible adjustment of the H2/CO product ratio by balancing steam- and dry-reforming reactions, addressing the need for adaptable production based on market demands. By optimizing key variables such as feedstock, reaction conditions, and recycling, the process achieves dual objectives: maximizing profitability through dynamic product ratio adjustments and reducing CO2 emissions by recycling captured CO2 as a reactant. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including thermodynamic equilibrium analysis using the Gibbs free energy, process intensification, techno-economic-environmental analysis, and optimization-based production planning. The results demonstrate high carbon and energy efficiency of 98.7 % and 89.2 %, respectively, with low emissions of 1.13 kgCO2eq/kgH2 produced and a minimum selling price (MSP) of 1.91 $/kg. The study revealed that the Off-to-Valuables (O2V) pathway is highly dependent on chemical market prices, and emphasizes the importance of optimized operational strategies to maximize profitability in dynamic market conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Do, Thai Ngan & Kim, Changsu & Jeong, Ha Eun & Kim, Jiyong, 2025. "Exploring the flexibility and profitability of combined steam and CO2 reforming in off-to-Valuables (O2V) pathway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:323:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225011910
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135549
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225011910
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135549?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Uribe-Soto, Wilmar & Portha, Jean-François & Commenge, Jean-Marc & Falk, Laurent, 2017. "A review of thermochemical processes and technologies to use steelworks off-gases," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 809-823.
    2. Shin, Sunkyu & Lee, Jeong-Keun & Lee, In-Beum, 2020. "Development and techno-economic study of methanol production from coke-oven gas blended with Linz Donawitz gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    3. Do, Thai Ngan & Hur, Young Gul & Chung, Hegwon & Kim, Jiyong, 2023. "Potentials and benefit assessment of green fuels from residue gas via gas-to-liquid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    4. Lee, Boreum & Kim, Hyunwoo & Lee, Hyunjun & Byun, Manhee & Won, Wangyun & Lim, Hankwon, 2020. "Technical and economic feasibility under uncertainty for methane dry reforming of coke oven gas as simultaneous H2 production and CO2 utilization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Do, Thai Ngan & Hur, Young Gul & Chung, Hegwon & Kim, Jiyong, 2023. "Potentials and benefit assessment of green fuels from residue gas via gas-to-liquid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Michael Bampaou & Kyriakos Panopoulos & Panos Seferlis & Spyridon Voutetakis & Ismael Matino & Alice Petrucciani & Antonella Zaccara & Valentina Colla & Stefano Dettori & Teresa Annunziata Branca & Vi, 2021. "Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-24, May.
    3. Michael Bampaou & Kyriakos Panopoulos & Panos Seferlis & Amaia Sasiain & Stephane Haag & Philipp Wolf-Zoellner & Markus Lehner & Leokadia Rog & Przemyslaw Rompalski & Sebastian Kolb & Nina Kieberger &, 2022. "Economic Evaluation of Renewable Hydrogen Integration into Steelworks for the Production of Methanol and Methane," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-26, June.
    4. Mattia Boscherini & Alba Storione & Matteo Minelli & Francesco Miccio & Ferruccio Doghieri, 2023. "New Perspectives on Catalytic Hydrogen Production by the Reforming, Partial Oxidation and Decomposition of Methane and Biogas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-33, September.
    5. Chen, Zong & Zhang, Rongjun & Xia, Guofu & Wu, Yu & Li, Hongwei & Sun, Zhao & Sun, Zhiqiang, 2021. "Vacuum promoted methane decomposition for hydrogen production with carbon separation: Parameter optimization and economic assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    6. Galusnyak, Stefan Cristian & Petrescu, Letitia & Cosprundan, Ariadna Maria & Cormos, Calin-Cristian, 2024. "Biodiesel production using various methanol sources and catalytic routes: A techno-environmental analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    7. Xu, Jingxuan & Lin, Wensheng, 2021. "Integrated hydrogen liquefaction processes with LNG production by two-stage helium reverse Brayton cycles taking industrial by-products as feedstock gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    8. Choe, Changgwon & Cheon, Seunghyun & Gu, Jiwon & Lim, Hankwon, 2022. "Critical aspect of renewable syngas production for power-to-fuel via solid oxide electrolysis: Integrative assessment for potential renewable energy source," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    9. Ouyang, Tiancheng & Xu, Jisong & Qin, Peijia & Cheng, Liang, 2022. "Utilizing flue gas low-grade waste heat and furnace excess heat to produce syngas and sulfuric acid recovery in coal-fired power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    10. Bampaou, M. & Haag, S. & Kyriakides, A.-S. & Panopoulos, K.D. & Seferlis, P., 2023. "Optimizing methanol synthesis combining steelworks off-gases and renewable hydrogen," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    11. Van Thuan Le & Elena-Niculina Dragoi & Fares Almomani & Yasser Vasseghian, 2021. "Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Hydrogen Production in Catalytic Dry Reforming: A Systematic Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-11, May.
    12. Philipp Wolf-Zoellner & Ana Roza Medved & Markus Lehner & Nina Kieberger & Katharina Rechberger, 2021. "In Situ Catalytic Methanation of Real Steelworks Gases," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.
    13. Suopajärvi, Hannu & Umeki, Kentaro & Mousa, Elsayed & Hedayati, Ali & Romar, Henrik & Kemppainen, Antti & Wang, Chuan & Phounglamcheik, Aekjuthon & Tuomikoski, Sari & Norberg, Nicklas & Andefors, Alf , 2018. "Use of biomass in integrated steelmaking – Status quo, future needs and comparison to other low-CO2 steel production technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 384-407.
    14. Matino, Ismael & Dettori, Stefano & Colla, Valentina & Weber, Valentine & Salame, Sahar, 2019. "Forecasting blast furnace gas production and demand through echo state neural network-based models: Pave the way to off-gas optimized management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    15. Shin, Sunkyu & Lee, Jeong-Keun & Lee, In-Beum, 2020. "Development and techno-economic study of methanol production from coke-oven gas blended with Linz Donawitz gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    16. Kim, Dongin & Han, Jeehoon, 2020. "Techno-economic and climate impact analysis of carbon utilization process for methanol production from blast furnace gas over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    17. Byun, Manhee & Kim, Heehyang & Lee, Hyunjun & Lim, Dongjun & Lim, Hankwon, 2022. "Conceptual design for methanol steam reforming in serial packed-bed reactors and membrane filters: Economic and environmental perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    18. Chen, Qianqian & Gu, Yu & Tang, Zhiyong & Wei, Wei & Sun, Yuhan, 2018. "Assessment of low-carbon iron and steel production with CO2 recycling and utilization technologies: A case study in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 192-207.
    19. Fidal I. Bashir & Richard T. J. Porter & Elena Catalanotti & Haroun Mahgerefteh, 2025. "Performance and Cost Analysis of Pressure Swing Adsorption for Recovery of H 2 , CO, and CO 2 from Steelworks Off-Gases," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-21, May.
    20. Tokimatsu, Koji & Höök, Mikael & McLellan, Benjamin & Wachtmeister, Henrik & Murakami, Shinsuke & Yasuoka, Rieko & Nishio, Masahiro, 2018. "Energy modeling approach to the global energy-mineral nexus: Exploring metal requirements and the well-below 2 °C target with 100 percent renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1158-1175.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:323:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225011910. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.