IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v317y2025ics0360544225003275.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluation of a novel indirect liquid-cooling system for energy storage batteries via mechanical vapor recompression and falling film evaporation

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Zihui
  • Han, Dong
  • Xiong, Jiaming
  • Lin, Zhiwei
  • Tang, Peihao
  • Wang, Hejing
  • He, Weifeng

Abstract

To achieve superior energy efficiency and temperature uniformity in cooling system for energy storage batteries, this paper proposes a novel indirect liquid-cooling system based on mechanical vapor recompression falling film evaporation (MVR-FFE-ILCS). Simulation model for MVR module and FFE module are developed, based on which thermodynamic performance and temperature uniformity are evaluated against conventional cooling schemes. The results of MVR module indicate that the novel system offers substantial energy savings, with up to 76.7 % efficiency gains over the reference air conditioning cooling system. Coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling capacity reach to 14.1 and 2438.7 kJ/kg, respectively. Higher cooling temperature and lower compression temperature rise can reduce the system's energy consumption. FFE module's findings reveal that the proposed structure outperforms the conventional non-phase-change liquid cooling plate in temperature uniformity, achieving a maximum temperature of 37.20 °C (a 7.0 % decrease) and an average maximum temperature difference of 2.53 °C (a 15.3 % reduction). Higher cooling water flow velocity and lower cooling temperature are beneficial for the temperature uniformity of battery pack, with a cooling temperature controlled below 35 °C. The integrated analysis confirms the superior performance of the MVR-FFE-ILCS, presenting the potential of the novel system for practical application in energy storage.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Zihui & Han, Dong & Xiong, Jiaming & Lin, Zhiwei & Tang, Peihao & Wang, Hejing & He, Weifeng, 2025. "Evaluation of a novel indirect liquid-cooling system for energy storage batteries via mechanical vapor recompression and falling film evaporation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:317:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225003275
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134685
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225003275
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.134685?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fan, Zhaohui & Fu, Yijie & Liang, Hong & Gao, Renjing & Liu, Shutian, 2023. "A module-level charging optimization method of lithium-ion battery considering temperature gradient effect of liquid cooling and charging time," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    2. Xu, Qiang & Xie, Yajun & Li, Xinyu & Li, Li & Zheng, Keqing & Bei, Shaoyi, 2024. "Cycle performance analysis of hybrid battery thermal management system coupling phase change material with liquid cooling for lithium-ion battery module operated at high C-rates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Xu, X.M. & He, R., 2014. "Review on the heat dissipation performance of battery pack with different structures and operation conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 301-315.
    4. Guo, Zengjia & Xu, Qidong & Wang, Yang & Zhao, Tianshou & Ni, Meng, 2023. "Battery thermal management system with heat pipe considering battery aging effect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    5. Liu, Qian & Sun, Chen & Zhang, Jingshu & Shi, Qianlei & Li, Kaixuan & Yu, Boxu & Xu, Chao & Ju, Xing, 2023. "The electro-thermal equalization behaviors of battery modules with immersion cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Suresh, C. & Awasthi, Abhishek & Kumar, Binit & Im, Seong-kyun & Jeon, Yongseok, 2025. "Advances in battery thermal management for electric vehicles: A comprehensive review of hybrid PCM-metal foam and immersion cooling technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    2. Wang, Libiao & Zuo, Hongyan & Zhang, Bin & Jia, Guohai, 2024. "Effects of the cold plate with airfoil fins on the cooling performance enhancement of the prismatic LiFePO4 battery pack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    3. Jiang, Z.Y. & Qu, Z.G., 2019. "Lithium–ion battery thermal management using heat pipe and phase change material during discharge–charge cycle: A comprehensive numerical study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 378-392.
    4. He, Xitian & Sun, Bingxiang & Zhang, Weige & Su, Xiaojia & Ma, Shichang & Li, Hao & Ruan, Haijun, 2023. "Inconsistency modeling of lithium-ion battery pack based on variational auto-encoder considering multi-parameter correlation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    5. Luo, Pan & Gao, Kai & Hu, Lin & Chen, Bin & Zhang, Yuanjian, 2024. "Adaptive hybrid cooling strategy to mitigate battery thermal runaway considering natural convection in phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    6. He, Junjie & Chu, Wenxiao & Wang, Qiuwang, 2025. "Applications of low melting point alloy for electronic thermal management: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    7. Shan, Shuai & Li, Li & Xu, Qiang & Ling, Lei & Xie, Yajun & Wang, Hongkang & Zheng, Keqing & Zhang, Lanchun & Bei, Shaoyi, 2023. "Numerical investigation of a compact and lightweight thermal management system with axially mounted cooling tubes for cylindrical lithium-ion battery module," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    8. Liu, Qian & Shi, Qianlei & He, Kehan & He, Hao & Yu, Boxu & Ju, Xing & Zhu, Xiaoqing & Xu, Chao, 2025. "Experimental study on the effect of discharge modes and coolant types for single-phase immersion cooling of LiFePO4 batteries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    9. Yang, Zhile & Li, Kang & Foley, Aoife, 2015. "Computational scheduling methods for integrating plug-in electric vehicles with power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 396-416.
    10. Feng, Juqiang & Cai, Feng & Zhao, Yang & Zhang, Xing & Zhan, Xinju & Wang, Shunli, 2024. "A novel feature optimization and ensemble learning method for state-of-health prediction of mining lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    11. Ri-Guang Chi & Won-Sik Chung & Seok-Ho Rhi, 2018. "Thermal Characteristics of an Oscillating Heat Pipe Cooling System for Electric Vehicle Li-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, March.
    12. Giorgio Previati & Giampiero Mastinu & Massimiliano Gobbi, 2022. "Thermal Management of Electrified Vehicles—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-29, February.
    13. Wahab, Abdul & Najmi, Aezid-Ul-Hassan & Senobar, Hossein & Amjady, Nima & Kemper, Hans & Khayyam, Hamid, 2025. "Immersion cooling innovations and critical hurdles in Li-ion battery cooling for future electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    14. Gu, Heng & Chang, Yunwei & Chen, Yuanyuan & Guo, Jiang rong & Zou, Deqiu, 2024. "Experimental research on pipeless power battery cooling system using shape-stabilized phase change materials (SSPCM) coupled with seawater," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    15. Jordan, S.M. & Schreiber, C.O. & Parhizi, M. & Shah, K., 2024. "A new multiphysics modeling framework to simulate coupled electrochemical-thermal-electrical phenomena in Li-ion battery packs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    16. Bamdezh, M.A. & Molaeimanesh, G.R., 2024. "The effect of active and passive battery thermal management systems on energy consumption, battery degradation, and carbon emissions of an electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    17. Xu, Xiaobin & Su, Yanghan & Kong, Jizhou & Chen, Xing & Wang, Xiaolin & Zhang, Hengyun & Zhou, Fei, 2024. "Performance analysis of thermal management systems for prismatic battery module with modularized liquid-cooling plate and PCM-negative Poisson's ratio structural laminboard," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    18. Kuznetsov, G.V. & Kravchenko, E.V. & Pribaturin, N.A., 2024. "Influence of the air gaps between cells and the case of the storage battery on its representative temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    19. Lichuan Wei & Yanhui Zou & Feng Cao & Zhendi Ma & Zhao Lu & Liwen Jin, 2022. "An Optimization Study on the Operating Parameters of Liquid Cold Plate for Battery Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-24, December.
    20. Wang, Tao & Tseng, K.J. & Zhao, Jiyun & Wei, Zhongbao, 2014. "Thermal investigation of lithium-ion battery module with different cell arrangement structures and forced air-cooling strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 229-238.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:317:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225003275. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.