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Life cycle inventory analysis for electricity in Korea

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  • Lee, Kun-Mo
  • Lee, Sang-Yong
  • Hur, Tak

Abstract

A life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) database that encompasses the entire Korean electrical energy grid was developed. The CO2 emission per functional unit of electricity, 1 kWh of usable electricity, was 0.49 kg/f.u. Contribution of direct emission of CO2 to the total CO2 emission was around 95%. In the case of emissions of SOx, NOx, and PM, contribution of the upstream processes including raw energy material extraction, transport, and fuel processing to the total emissions were 29%, 26%, and 43%, respectively. Emissions of air pollutants from power generation or direct emissions are much greater in quantity than those from the upstream processes. On the other hand, the opposite is true for the emissions of water pollutants. Bituminous coal was the largest source of emissions of air and water pollutants including CO2. Natural gas was the best fuel and anthracite coal was the worst fuel with respect to the direct and upstream emissions of air and water pollutants and wastes.

Suggested Citation

  • Lee, Kun-Mo & Lee, Sang-Yong & Hur, Tak, 2004. "Life cycle inventory analysis for electricity in Korea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 87-101.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:29:y:2004:i:1:p:87-101
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2003.08.007
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Emma Rex & Henrikke Baumann, 2008. "Implications of an interpretive understanding of LCA practice," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(7), pages 420-430, November.
    2. Soimakallio, Sampo & Kiviluoma, Juha & Saikku, Laura, 2011. "The complexity and challenges of determining GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions from grid electricity consumption and conservation in LCA (life cycle assessment) – A methodological review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 6705-6713.
    3. Tan, Reginald B.H. & Wijaya, David & Khoo, Hsien H., 2010. "LCI (Life cycle inventory) analysis of fuels and electricity generation in Singapore," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4910-4916.
    4. Moreira, João M.L. & Cesaretti, Marcos A. & Carajilescov, Pedro & Maiorino, José R., 2015. "Sustainability deterioration of electricity generation in Brazil," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 334-346.
    5. Choi, Wonjae & Song, Han Ho, 2018. "Well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions of battery electric vehicles in countries dependent on the import of fuels through maritime transportation: A South Korean case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 135-147.
    6. Gilbert, Alexander Q. & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2017. "US liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports: Boom or bust for the global climate?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1671-1680.
    7. Soimakallio, Sampo & Saikku, Laura, 2012. "CO2 emissions attributed to annual average electricity consumption in OECD (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 13-20.
    8. Lee, Kun-Mo & Park, Pil-Ju, 2005. "Estimation of the environmental credit for the recycling of granulated blast furnace slag based on LCA," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 139-151.
    9. Dahlia Byles & Salman Mohagheghi, 2023. "Sustainable Power Grid Expansion: Life Cycle Assessment, Modeling Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-25, May.
    10. Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2008. "Valuing the greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear power: A critical survey," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2940-2953, August.
    11. Vega-Coloma, Mabel & Zaror, Claudio A., 2018. "Environmental impact profile of electricity generation in Chile: A baseline study over two decades," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 154-167.

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