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A framework for environmental impact assessment of long-distance energy transport systems

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  • Knoepfel, Ivo H.

Abstract

A simple framework for environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) based on physical measures is presented and applied to the comparison of long-distance energy transport systems, including high-voltage alternating and direct current transmission lines, pipelines for gas and oil, inland waterway, road and rail transportation. Quantitative indicators for fossil-energy consumption, air-emission impacts, land use, audible noise impacts, and visual impacts are developed. These can be used in the context of existing planning or decision making instruments, such as integrated resource planning, technology assessment, LCA, regional planning, line and power plant siting. To reduce all information to a single indicator, the concept of the equivalent impacted area is introduced for land use, audible noise and visual impacts. It is shown that pipelines are the environmentally most favourable option in the case of oil and gas transport. In the case of coal transport, early conversion to electricity and transmission by high-voltage lines can lead to significant impact reductions compared to coal transport with barges and trains. For long transport distances, high-voltage direct current lines yield particularly good results.

Suggested Citation

  • Knoepfel, Ivo H., 1996. "A framework for environmental impact assessment of long-distance energy transport systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(7), pages 693-702.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:21:y:1996:i:7:p:693-702
    DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(95)00131-X
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    Cited by:

    1. Bakken, Bjorn H. & Skjelbred, Hans I. & Wolfgang, Ove, 2007. "eTransport: Investment planning in energy supply systems with multiple energy carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1676-1689.
    2. Tarnoczi, Tyler, 2013. "Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions from transportation of Canadian oil sands to future markets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 107-117.
    3. Sebitosi, A.B. & Okou, R., 2010. "Re-thinking the power transmission model for sub-Saharan Africa," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 1448-1454, March.
    4. Joelsson, Jonas M. & Gustavsson, Leif, 2012. "Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and oil use by DME (di-methyl ether) and FT (Fischer-Tropsch) diesel production in chemical pulp mills," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 363-374.
    5. Gilmore, Elisabeth A. & Blohm, Andrew & Sinsabaugh, Steven, 2014. "An economic and environmental assessment of transporting bulk energy from a grazing ocean thermal energy conversion facility," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 361-367.
    6. L. Alfredo Fernandez-Jimenez & Montserrat Mendoza-Villena & Eduardo Garcia-Garrido & Pedro M. Lara-Santillan & Pedro J. Zorzano-Santamaria & Enrique Zorzano-Alba & Alberto Falces, 2017. "High Voltage Overhead Power Line Routing under an Objective Observability Criterion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-13, October.
    7. Ma, Q. & Luo, L. & Wang, R.Z. & Sauce, G., 2009. "A review on transportation of heat energy over long distance: Exploratory development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1532-1540, August.

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