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Optimization of process parameters for torrefaction of Acacia nilotica using response surface methodology and characteristics of torrefied biomass as upgraded fuel

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  • Singh, Satyansh
  • Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad
  • Mondal, Monoj Kumar

Abstract

The process parameters (temperature, residence time and heating rate) for torrefaction of Acacia nilotica in a fixed-bed reactor were optimized using response surface methodology. Maximum higher heating value and energy yield, both at the same time, were obtained at 252 °C, 60 min residence time, and 5 °C/min heating rate. Both the parameters were highly influenced by temperature; whereas residence time and heating rate had minimal impact. The torrefied biomass obtained at optimum condition was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moisture content, H/C ratio and O/C ratio decreased by 73.23, 52.94, and 46.22%, respectively; while fixed carbon and higher heating value increased by 75.54 and 18.62%, respectively, as compared to raw biomass. Fuel properties such as fuel ratio increased by 87.39%, while combustibility index and volatile ignitability decreased by 83.32 and 22.71%, respectively. Flow properties such as angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr compressibility index and cohesion coefficient decreased by 8.04, 6.20, 22.48 and 12.5%, respectively. Enhanced fuel and flow properties make torrefied biomass a suitable feedstock for pyrolysis and gasification and optimization of this process may facilitate scale-up and reduce operational cost.

Suggested Citation

  • Singh, Satyansh & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad & Mondal, Monoj Kumar, 2019. "Optimization of process parameters for torrefaction of Acacia nilotica using response surface methodology and characteristics of torrefied biomass as upgraded fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:186:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219315373
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.115865
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Marcin Bajcar & Miłosz Zardzewiały & Bogdan Saletnik & Grzegorz Zaguła & Czesław Puchalski & Józef Gorzelany, 2023. "Torrefaction as a Way to Remove Chlorine and Improve the Energy Properties of Plant Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Singh, Rishikesh Kumar & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad & Sarkar, Arnab, 2020. "Optimizing the torrefaction of pigeon pea stalk (cajanus cajan) using response surface methodology (RSM) and characterization of solid, liquid and gaseous products," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 677-690.
    3. Durango Padilla, Elias Ricardo & Hansted, Felipe Augusto Santiago & Luna, Carlos Manuel Romero & de Campos, Cristiane Inácio & Yamaji, Fabio Minoru, 2024. "Biochar derived from agricultural waste and its application as energy source in blast furnace," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    4. Jagadale, Manisha & Gangil, Sandip & Jadhav, Mahesh, 2023. "Enhancing fuel characteristics of jute sticks (Corchorus Sp.) using fixed bed torrefaction process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    5. Singh, Satyansh & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad & Mondal, Monoj Kumar, 2020. "Torrefaction of woody biomass (Acacia nilotica): Investigation of fuel and flow properties to study its suitability as a good quality solid fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 711-724.
    6. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Biswas, Partha Pratim & Zhang, Congyu & Kwon, Eilhann E. & Chang, Jo-Shu, 2025. "Achieving carbon credits through biomass torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    7. Ahmad, Aqueel & Yadav, Ashok Kumar & Hasan, Shifa, 2025. "A novel waste-to-energy conversion plant based on catalytic pyrolytic conditions: Modeling and optimization using supervised machine learning and desirability-driven methodologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    8. Adeleke, Adekunle A. & Ikubanni, Peter P. & Emmanuel, Stephen S. & Fajobi, Moses O. & Nwachukwu, Praise & Adesibikan, Ademidun A. & Odusote, Jamiu K. & Adeyemi, Emmanuel O. & Abioye, Oluwaseyi M. & Ok, 2024. "A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    9. Richa, Larissa & Colin, Baptiste & Pétrissans, Anélie & Wallace, Ciera & Wolfgram, Jasmine & Quirino, Rafael L. & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Pétrissans, Mathieu, 2023. "Potassium carbonate impregnation and torrefaction of wood block for thermal properties improvement: Prediction of torrefaction performance using artificial neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    10. A. Silveira, Edgar & Santanna Chaves, Bruno & Macedo, Lucélia & Ghesti, Grace F. & Evaristo, Rafael B.W. & Cruz Lamas, Giulia & Luz, Sandra M. & Protásio, Thiago de Paula & Rousset, Patrick, 2023. "A hybrid optimization approach towards energy recovery from torrefied waste blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 151-165.

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